The big crested mastiff bat, Promops centralis, occurs in Central and South America, but knowledge of its ecology is limited due to its open space hunting strategy, making captures extremely challenging. Notwithstanding, members of the species produce echolocation calls that are easy to identify. After recording calls of P. centralis 1,500 km away from its known range in Brazil, we hypothesized that the distribution range of this species was probably greatly underestimated. To improve the accuracy of P. centralis’ real distribution, we employed acoustic surveys throughout parts of Brazil, conducted after a bibliographic review to gather additional records, and used MaxEnt to model the species’ potential distribution. We have found that P. centralis has a much wider distribution in South America than previously thought, adding more than 3.8 million km2 to its former known area. We also describe an unusual vocalization pattern of P. centralis, with individuals emitting at least three very distinct but highly variable calls. This study shows that bioacoustic surveys and species distribution models can complement traditional methodologies in studying species that are difficult to capture, such as P. centralis, potentially contributing to more effective conservation and management plans.
Pesq. Vet. Bras. 32(7):663-666, julho 2012 663 RESUMO.-[Detecção de chamados de ultrassom em capivara.] O repertório vocal de algumas espécies de animais tem sido considerado uma ferramenta não invasiva para predizer o distresse. Em ratos, emissões de ultrassom foram registradas como indicador de distresse. O repertório vocal de capivaras foi relatado recentemente e parece haver a presença de chamados em ultrassom que ainda não foram conϐirmados. Assim para associar o estado de bem--estar empobrecido em capivaras e a possibilidade de ocorrência de ultrassom em seu repertório vocal, o presente estudo teve como objetivo rastrear a presença deste tipo de vocalização em 11 animais submetidos a três condições diferentes: 1) sem contenção; 2) média contenção e 3) alta contenção. O rastreamento revelou a presença de faixas de Ultrasound call detection in capybara 1Selene S.C. Nogueira 2 *, Kamila S. Barros 2 , Márcio H. Almeida 3 , Janine P. The vocal repertoire of some animal species has been considered a non-invasive tool to predict distress reactivity. In rats ultrasound emissions were reported as distress indicator. Capybaras' vocal repertoire was reported recently and seems to have ultrasound calls, but this has not yet been conϐirmed. Thus, in order to check if a poor state of welfare was linked to ultrasound calls in the capybara vocal repertoire, the aim of this study was to track the presence of ultrasound emissions in 11 animals under three conditions: 1) unrestrained; 2) intermediately restrained, and 3) highly restrained. The ultrasound track identiϐied frequencies in the range of 31.8±3.5 kHz in adults and 33.2±8.5 kHz in juveniles. These ultrasound frequencies occurred only when animals were highly restrained, physically restrained or injured during handling. We concluded that these calls with ultrasound components are related to pain and restraint because they did not occur when animals were free of restraint. Thus we suggest that this vocalization may be used as an additional tool to assess capybaras' welfare.
The impact of urbanization might differ between insectivorous bats that forage in open space as opposed to edge space, with the latter usually persisting only in well preserved areas, such as parks and natural reserves. We investigated the influence of vegetation patches of different sizes on the activity of these two groups of insectivorous bat in the urban area of the Metropolitan region of Vitória, Espírito Santo State, Brazil. For this purpose, we monitored bat activity with an ultrasound detector for a total of two years in three habitats: large-green areas (> 30ha), small-green areas (< 5 ha) and non-green areas. Large-green areas showed the greatest bat activity followed by small-green areas and non-green areas. Although both groups of bats showed an increase in activity in the green areas compared to the non-green areas, this effect was higher for edge-space foragers than for open-space foragers in the large green-areas, whereas in the small green areas, the increment in activity did not differ between them. We also present a list of eight species we identified in the study area. Two of the species represent the first record for the region: Promops centralis and Peropteryx trinitatis. We conclude that in the Metropolitan Region of Vitória, even small parks are important for bat fauna conservation and, despite being more adapted to urban environments, even open-space foraging bats can benefit from them.
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