We present the first records of five Tillandsia L. species from the state of Bahia, Brazil, which were collected in the field and studied in herbaria. Tillandsia didisticha (E.Morren) Baker occurs in Cerrado and Caatinga biomes, T. line­aris Vell. and T. dura Baker in Atlantic Forest fragments, and T. pruinosa Sw. and T. grao-mogolensis Silveira in an ecotonal transition zone between dry and humid forest. We present photographs, taxonomic notes, distribution ranges of these species in Bahia and discuss their morphological distinctions.
The authors describe, discuss, and illustrate Tillandsia oliveirae, a new species from the inselbergs of the Caatinga biome in the municipality of Itatim, Bahia, Brazil. The new species is similar to T. hofackeri, differing by morphological characters such as larger size of the plant, longer peduncle, more laxly arranged leaves, which are more numerous, and whitish petals. It is an endemic species with a restricted area of distribution, being considered critically endangered (CR) due to illegal extractivism, specifically for regional and international trade.
The authors describe, discuss, and illustrate Tillandsia itatiensis, a new species from the Caatinga biome in the municipality of Itatim, Bahia, Brazil. The new species is similar to T. streptocarpa and T. grao-mogolensis, regarding morphological characters such as caulescent habit, curved stem, simple inflorescence with no more than five flowers per inflorescence and simple-erect stigma. It inhabits inselbergs in Caatinga forest, where it is critically endangered (CR) due its small distribution and human extractivism.
Based on recent field work on an insular granitic outcrop in southeast Brazil, a new Tillandsia species was collected and described here. Tillandsia alcatrazensis belongs to T. subg. Anoplophytum and is morphologically similar to T. geminiflora, from which it differs by the larger size of the whole plant in flower, larger floral bracts and longer flowers with reddish-salmon sepals and white petals, and longer styles. We present a diagnosis, description, color photographs, illustration, ecological, and phenotypical variation comments, and compares it with the morphologically related species. Tillandsia alcatrazensis is preliminarily classified as Critically Endangered (CR) due to its small and restricted distribution, although the Alcatrazes Island is part of a national protected area.
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