The impact of mixing
conditions on the removal of water and solids
from high-water, poor-quality bitumen froth was explored. Naphtha
diluent and a demulsifier were added to improve removal of water and
solids from bitumen froth. The mixing and subsequent settling of this
system were carried out in the confined-impeller stirred tank, a lab-scale
mixing test vessel with well-characterized, relatively uniform mixing
conditions. A protocol for finding the proper demulsifier dosage at
which to study mixing effects was applied successfully. High mixing
energy J and the predilution of demulsifier (characterized
by its injection concentration IC) improved dewatering and solids
removal performance, agreeing with earlier studies in diluted bitumen
and bitumen froth of higher quality (Laplante et al. Fuel
Process. Technol.
2015, 138, 361–367; Arora, N. Mechanisms of Aggregation and
Separation of Water and Solids from Bitumen Froth Using Cluster Size
Distribution, 2016). An unexpected finding was that dewatering
was significantly delayed in poor-quality froth: it was not detectable
until up to 45 min in some cases. This induction time was replicated
and was clearly impacted by changes in the mixing conditions.
It
has been known for years that the performance of a demulsifier in
diluted bitumen dewatering improves up to a certain demulsifier bulk
concentration. After this limit, the water removal deteriorates. This
phenomenon is called overdosing. In this paper, the effects of mixing
energy and demulsifier injection concentration on water removal are
studied in systems with a high bulk demulsifier concentration. The
experiments were conducted in a confined impeller stirred tank (CIST),
which provides well-controlled mixing conditions with more uniform
turbulence and flow than a conventional stirred tank. The results
show that an increase in mixing energy and pre-dilution of the demulsifier
may be able to overcome overdosing effects at a high bulk (mean) concentration.
If the mixing conditions are well-designed, high local demulsifier
concentrations at the feed point are avoided and the demulsifier can
perform well, even at high bulk concentrations. The best demulsifier
performance in an overdosed system was obtained with a combination
of high mixing energy and low injection concentration, where over
80% of the water content was separated at a demulsifier bulk concentration
that showed severe overdosing behavior at poor mixing conditions.
Mixing conditions were explored as a possible avenue for improvement of demulsifier performance in the solventdiluted bitumen dewatering process. The effects of demulsifier bulk concentration, demulsifier injection concentration, and mixing energy on water and solids removal from the oil phase were tested. All of the experiments were carried out in a confined impeller stirred tank, which provides well-characterized mixing conditions and relatively uniform flow and turbulence. Results showed that lowering the injection concentration and increasing the mixing energy both improve demulsifier performance, allowing a 50% drop in the bulk concentration of demulsifier. This result agrees well with an earlier study by Laplante et al. 1 in which a different demulsifier was investigated. In that study, it was shown that the product of mixing time and energy dissipation rate at the feed point (the mixing energy = J) provides an alternate mixing variable.
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