Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a very common disorder that remains poorly understood from a pathogenic standpoint. Recent research on the pathogenesis of CRS has been focused on the potential role of biofilms in this chronic infection. The aim of this study was to assess the sinuses’ microflora and biofilm formation on the sino-nasal mucosa in patients with CRS. Paranasal sinus mucosa specimens were harvested at the time of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Classical microbiology techniques for the isolation and identification of sinus mucosa microbial flora were used. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to detect biofilm on the surface of mucosa. A microtiter plate assay for in vitro biofilm formation was employed, divided into three aliquots. One part was assessed for bacterial presence, utilizing an API manual system and the Vitek® 2 Compact system. The two remaining aliquots were tested by in vitro conventional microbiological assay with the use of the Infinite M200 (Tecan) microtiter plate reader, and also by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A microbiological examination of mucosal specimens had taken during FESS operation revealed the presence of various types of bacteria in 29 out of 30 tested samples. Out of 62 different strains isolated from patients with CRS, 23 strains of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus epidermidis and 6 strains of Escherichia coli were the most frequently isolated microorganisms, accounting for 37.1 and 9.7 %, respectively. Among the 62 isolated strains, 58 were used to assess biofilm formation. From the total of 58 isolates, 8.6 % were strong biofilm producers, 20.7 % were moderate, and 70.7 % of isolates were considered to be non- or weak biofilm producers. SEM of the 30 nasal concha mucosal samples taken from patients with CRS revealed biofilm in 23 specimens. A marked destruction of the epithelium was observed, with variation in degrees of severity, from disarrayed cilia to complete absence of cilia. The vast majority of nasal concha mucosal samples of patients affected by chronic sinusitis presented with biofilm formation. Our study showed that 76.7 % of patients having FESS for CRS had evidence of biofilms on SEM micrographs. Although certain detection methods could lead to various discrepancies in the amount of biofilm produced, the consistent demonstration of biofilms in patients with CRS suggests that this convoluted three-dimensional structures might play a significant role in either the pathogenesis or persistence of chronic rhinosinusitis.

The course of periodontal disease is affected by many factors; however, the most significant are the dysbiotic microflora, showing different pathogenicity levels. Rapid colonization in the subgingival environment can radically change the clinical state of the periodontium. This systematic review aims to present an innovative technique of loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid panel identification of bacteria in periodontal diseases. The decisive advantage of the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique in relation to molecular methods based on the identification of nucleic acids (such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR or qPCR) is the ability to determine more pathogens simultaneously, as well as with higher sensitivity. In comparison with classical microbiological seeding techniques, the use of the LAMP method shortens a few days waiting time to a few minutes, reducing the time necessary to identify the species and determine the number of microorganisms. The LAMP technology requires only a small hardware base; hence it is possible to use it in outpatient settings. The developed technique provides the possibility of almost immediate assessment of periodontal status and, above all, risk assessment of complications during the treatment (uncontrolled spread of inflammation), which can certainly be of key importance in clinical work.

Technological advancement has been observed over the last few decades within many branches of medicine. This advancement has had an impressive impact on diagnostic developments and new methods of treatment that aid in improving treatment quality and the survival rate of patients. Dentistry is a field in which advancement is progressing at a rapid pace, which encourages dental practitioners to carry out interdisciplinary treatment planing and expanding their field of interest beyond the oral cavity. Saliva, once considered as an insignificant bodily secretion can, according to the latest research, be seen as a reflection of the human organism. Utilized for the evaluation of hormone levels, pro-inflammatory cytokines, medications and antibodies it constitutes an easily accessible and extremely valuable diagnostic material. With a simple as well as non-invasive method of obtainment saliva is an ideal medium which could be potentially used as an alternative method for standard laboratory tests. The aim of the following study is to present potential methods of saliva utilization in diagnostic procedures for periodontal diseases, as well as changes within the endothelium as a diagnostic factor for cardiovascular diseases.

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Periodontitis is a highly prevalent oral disease occurring across the globe, resulting from an interaction of many predisposing factors. Our study aimed to determine some chosen periopathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Tannarella forsythia) using three different methods: loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR (qPCR), and to compare their sensitivity and specificity. The study included 62 patients with diagnosed periodontitis. Gingival crevicular fluid was collected from all patients to take samples of bacterial DNA for the further laboratory molecular analyses. In comparison to the gold standard (qPCR), the best diagnostic quality parameters were achieved for LAMP using the TE buffer for the P. gingivalis determination. Therefore, the LAMP is an analytical technique that could be used to quickly assess the presence of periopathogens in an outpatient setting.

Introduction. Tumors are only second to cardiovascular diseases as a cause of death. According to World Health Organization (WHO), these statistics will increase especially within aging and well-developed countries.Aim. The aim of the research was to analyze the frequency of recurrences and lymph node involvement in individuals affected by malignant tumor of head and neck region. Special attention was paid to tumor location, sex, age of the affected individuals as well as histological appearance of the tumor.Material and methods. The research team has analyzed medical data record base from 2002–2011 and selected a group of 1697 individuals treated for malignant tumors within the oral cavity and maxillofacial region.Results. Reoperation was carried out on 192 patients due to recurrences and lymph node involvement; (11.3%) of the study group. Patients were further subdivided into groups according to sex, age, histological appearance and anatomical location of tumor recurrence. Results were compared with the available literature.Conclusions. Our data confirms the findings of other research groups in terms of accuracy of early diagnostic screening and its effect on final tumor treatment. It is also essential to accentuate the importance of post-treatment monitoring within first five years after initiation of treatment, which allows for an early determination of local recurrences and/or lymph node involvement.