THz beam shaping via a single diffractive optical element is used to convert a divergent beam into a focal line segment perpendicular to the optical axis. The novel structure was designed for narrowband applications as a kinoform element and we successfully applied it in active, high-speed, THz linear scanners. The theoretical approach and experimental results are presented
In order to apply Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for diagnostics of fuel retention and removal and wall composition in ITER it is necessary to validate the method in terms of repeatability and quality of its results for mixed, especially ITER relevant materials and its sensitivity to thin layers which contain small amounts of retained fuel.The experiments, which are within the scope of this paper were carried out at the IPPLM Warsaw to assess the method for the laser treatment of ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) strike-point tiles and calibrated C:W:Al samples prepared by the Institute of Electronic Materials Technology (IEMT). The samples under investigation contained hydrogen isotopes in the ITER-relevant mixed material layer (as the Beryllium analogue, Al was used). Electrostatic ion energy analyzer was used as the auxiliary diagnostics.The results proved that optical spectroscopy, although not straightforward in use, can give reliable results even for small amounts of fuel present in the mixed-material layer, although more effort should be put into investigating calibrated samples, to optimize the method itself and to yield a quantitative measure of fuel retention.
An extremely simple setup for real-time color digital holography using single-mode fibers as light guides and a directional coupler as a beam-splitting device is presented. With the directional coupler we have two object beams and one residual crosstalk used as a reference beam. This facilitates the adjustment and improves robustness. With the use of graphics processing units, real-time hologram reconstruction was possible. Due to adaptation of the optical setup and scaling, zero-order and complex image influence is highly reduced.
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