Estrutura do dossel, consumo e desempenho animal em pastos de capim-marandu sob lotação contínua [Sward structure, herbage

Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o valor nutritivo, a estrutura do dossel, a ingestão de forragem e a produção animal em pastos de capim-xaraés (Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraés), manejados a 15, 30 e 45 cm de altura, sob lotação contínua, durante o período das águas. Mensalmente, foram realizadas amostragens para estimar as características dos pastos e determinar o peso dos animais. A produção de forragem decresceu com o aumento da intensidade de pastejo; no entanto, o pasto com 15 cm de altura apresentou o maior valor nutritivo. O consumo de matéria seca foi menor no pasto com 15 cm (1,89% peso vivo -PV) do que nos com 30 cm (2,26% PV) e 45 cm (2,34% PV). O ganho médio diário foi semelhante entre as diferentes alturas de manejo, em média, 730 g por novilho. As taxas de lotação foram menores para os pastos com 45 cm (2,0 UA ha -1 ) e 30 cm (2,5 UA ha -1 ) do que para o com 15 cm (3,5 UA ha -1 ). Houve maior ganho por área no pasto com 15 cm (678 kg ha -1 ) do que no com 45 cm (324 kg ha -1 ).Termos para indexação: Brachiaria brizantha, Urochloa brizantha, Cerrado, estrutura do dossel, taxa de lotação, valor nutritivo. Animal performance and sward characteristics of xaraés palisade grass pastures subjected to different grazing intensities, during rainy seasonAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the nutritive value, sward structure, herbage intake and animal performance on xaraés palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraés) pastures with 15, 30 and 45 cm sward heights, under continuous stocking, during rainy season. Monthly, the pastures were sampled for estimating the sward characteristics and the animals were weighted. Forage production decreased with the increase of grazing intensity; however, the 15-cm sward height pasture showed the greatest nutritive value. Dry matter intake was lower in the 15-cm pasture (1.89% live weight -LW) than in the 30 cm (2.26% LW) and 45 cm (2.34% LW) pastures. The average daily gain was similar among the different sward heights, with 730 g per steer average. The stocking rates were lower for the 45 cm (2.0 AU ha -1 ) and 30 cm (2.5 AU ha -1 ) pastures than for the 15 cm (3.5 AU ha -1 ) pasture. There was a greater gain per area for the 15 cm (678 kg ha -1 ) pasture than for the 45 cm (324 kg ha -1 ) pasture.

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-This study was conducted in order to evaluate the morphogenetic and structural characteristics of guinea grass cv. Mombasa under three post-grazing heights (intense -30 cm, lenient -50 cm and variable -50 in springsummer and 30 cm in autumn-winter) when sward light interception reached 95% during regrowth. Post-grazing heights were allocated to experimental units (0.25 ha) in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Postgrazing heights affected only leaf elongation rate and the number of live leaves. Pastures managed with variable postgrazing height showed higher leaf elongation rate in the summer of 2007. This management strategy also resulted in a higher number of live leaves. During the spring of 2006, plants showed lower leaf elongation rate, leaf appearance rate and number of live leaves, and greater phyllochron and leaf lifespan. In contrast, during the summer of 2007, the leaf appearance rate, leaf elongation rate, number of live leaves, and final leaf length were greater while phyllochron, stem elongation rate, and leaf senescence rate were lower. The management of the guinea grass cv. Mombasa with intense or variable post-grazing height throughout the year seems to represent an interesting management target, in terms of leaf appearance rate and number of live leaves.

which may be important to maximize the use of the forage species in the production system.

-The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of tiller age on morphogenic and structural characteristics of guinea grass cv. Mombaca subjected to intermittent stocking and three stubble heights: 30 cm, 50 cm and 50-30 cm. Stubble heights were assigned to experimental units in a completely randomized block design with three replicates.Grazing was performed when canopy intercepted 95% of light incidence. Leaf appearance rate, leaf elongation rate and number of live leaves per tiller were higher in the summer when compared with the winter. Contrarily, stem elongation rate, phyllochron and leaf lifespan were lower in the summer when compared with the winter. During the summer, young tillers had higher leaf appearance and elongation rates when compared with the older ones. Young and mature tillers had the highest values of live leaves per tiller in the summer. There was no difference between summer and winter for the final length of leaf blade between tillers of the same age, except in mature tillers, which had higher final leaf length during the summer. Senescence rate of leaves was higher in young tillers, followed by mature and old tillers. Age of tiller affects morphogenic and structural characteristics of pasture, showing that young tillers have better growth compared with mature and old tillers.