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Indigenous youth shared their perspectives of how geographic mobility shapes social relationships. Photovoice revealed that mobility impacts the development of social relationships and is linked to intergenerational displacement from family and social networks.There remains a need for policy that supports culturally safe community spaces that foster resilience and opportunities for self-empowerment.Growing rates of urbanization among young Indigenous populations have been associated with frequent geographic mobility between urban and rural areas, as well as within cities. Little is known of the context of this mobility, or its impacts on social relationships. With nearly half the urban Indigenous population under the age of 25, gaps persist in understanding the mobility experiences of Indigenous youth, who tend to be more mobile than non-Indigenous youth and move more often than their older counterparts. The voice of Indigenous youth remains under-represented, and research with mobile Indigenous youth is limited. To address these gaps, Photovoice was used to better understand how mobility shapes social relationships among a group of Indigenous youth living in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Key findings reveal mobility is common and persistent, often rooted in colonization and intergenerational trauma. As a result, this mobility is often linked to unstable living conditions and displacement from family and social connections. The frequent and uncertain nature of this mobility impacts the ability to develop and sustain positive and supportive social relationships. Findings point to the importance of culturally safe spaces and Indigenous mentorship that fosters resilience and self-empowerment. Examen des perspectives de mobilit e et de relations sociales des jeunes Autochtones : une approche PhotovoiceLe taux croissant d'urbanisation des populations de jeunes Autochtones a et e associ e a la mobilit e g eographique fr equente entre les milieux urbains et les milieux ruraux de même qu'au sein des villes. On connaît bien peu de choses du contexte de cette mobilit e ou de son incidence sur les relations sociales. Alors que pr es de la moiti e de la population autochtone urbaine estâg ee de moins de 25 ans, des lacunes persistent dans la compr ehension des exp eriences de mobilit e des jeunes Autochtones qui ont tendance aêtreThe Canadian Geographer Le Géographe canadienThe Canadian Geographer Le Géographe canadien plus mobiles que les autres jeunes et qui se d eplacent plus souvent que les Autochtones plusâg es. L'opinion des jeunes Autochtones demeure sous-repr esent ee et la recherche aupr es des jeunes Autochtones mobiles est limit ee. Pour combler ces lacunes, nous avons utilis e Photovoice pour mieux comprendre la faS con dont la mobilit e faS conne les relations sociales parmi un groupe de jeunes Autochtones vivant a Winnipeg, au Manitoba. Les principales conclusions r ev elent que la mobilit e est courante et persistante, souvent enracin ee dans les traumas interg en erationnels et de la colonisation. En cons equence, cett...

Most jurisdictions have some kind of measures to protect physical fabric and manage change within historic neighbourhoods. In Ontario, Canada's largest province, these are called Heritage Conservation Districts. While much has been written about such aspects as identifying such districts, the designation process and their role in the urban landscape, less exploration has been devoted to understanding their potential role in economic development. This study examined two heritage districts in the Town of Markham, a fast-growing exurban municipality north-east of Toronto. Both of these neighbourhoods and both designated heritage areas have in place an economic development mechanism called a Business Improvement Area. The research involved interviews, household questionnaires, observation and statistical analysis. It was found that overall the data indicated that the management of the heritage resources supported and enhanced economic development. It was also found that there were considerable differences between the two areas in spite of their close proximity. The reasons for those differences are outlined.

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In recent decades, Indigenous peoples across the globe have become increasingly urbanized. Growing urbanization has been associated with high rates of geographic mobility between rural areas and cities, as well as within cities. In Canada, over 54 percent of Aboriginal peoples are urban and change their place of residence at a higher rate than the non-Aboriginal population. High rates of mobility may affect the delivery and use of health services. The purpose of this paper is to examine the association between urban Aboriginal peoples' mobility and conventional (physician/nurse) as well as traditional (traditional healer) health service use in two distinct Canadian cities: Toronto and Winnipeg. Using data from Statistics Canada's 2006 Aboriginal Peoples Survey, this analysis demonstrates that mobility is a significant predisposing correlate of health service use and that the impact of mobility on health care use varies by urban setting. In Toronto, urban newcomers were more likely to use a physician or nurse compared to long-term residents. This was in direct contrast to the effect of residency on physician and nurse use in Winnipeg. In Toronto, urban newcomers were less likely to use a traditional healer than long-term residents, indicating that traditional healing may represent an unmet health care need. The results demonstrate that distinct urban settings differentially influence patterns of health service utilization for mobile Aboriginal peoples. This has important implications for how health services are planned and delivered to urban Aboriginal movers on a local, and potentially global, scale.