No abstract

Enniatins, the most prevalent emerging mycotoxins, represent an emerging food safety issue, because of their common co-occurrence with other fusariotoxins such as trichothecenes co-produced by Fusarium spp on field grains and because of their extensive prevalence in grains. In this study, the intestinal toxicity of enniatin B1 (ENN) alone and mixed with the most toxic trichothecene T-2 toxin (T2) was characterized by using two biological models from pig, the most sensitive species: the intestinal cell line IPEC1 (in vitro exposure) and jejunal explants (ex vivo exposure). Dose-dependent decreases in cell proliferation in IPEC1 and in the histopathological scores of explants were observed for ENN at μM-levels and for T2 at nM-levels, with IC50 values for ENN of 15.8 and 29.7 μM, and for T2 of 9.3 and 15.1 nM in vitro and ex vivo, respectively. Interaction analysis by probabilistic and by determinist approaches showed a less than additive effect both in vitro and ex vivo, at IC50 values, with increasing antagonism with decreasing concentrations of toxins. The results obtained by the determinist median-effect dose analysis and by the nonlinear regression analysis were concordant. All the median-effect doses estimated for IPEC cells were included in the IC50 confidence intervals of the nonlinear regression fitting. Given the occurrence of enniatins, potential synergy following the co-occurrence of enniatins and the major fusariotoxins, especially trichothecene B deoxynivalenol should be investigated.

ResumoOs fungos ocorrem em uma grande variedade de alimentos, inclusive nos volumosos e concentrados destinados à alimentação animal, e podem produzir micotoxinas sob certas condições. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a presença das micotoxinas aflatoxina e zearalenona em alimentos fornecidos a bovinos de exploração leiteira na região Norte do Estado do Paraná, Brasil, utilizando como metodologia analítica a cromatografia em camada delgada. Das 272 amostras analisadas para aflatoxinas, 37 (13,6%) foram positivas, sendo 20 (7,3%) acima do limite de 20µg/Kg determinado pela ANVISA. Das 189 amostras analisadas para zearalenona, 32 (16,9%) amostras foram positivas, e todas estavam acima do limite de 200µg/Kg recomendado pelos veterinários da região norte do Paraná, Brasil. Foi encontrada maior contaminação por aflatoxinas em alimentos concentrados, enquanto que por zearalenona ocorreu em alimentos volumosos. Palavras-chave: Micotoxinas, aflatoxina, zearalenona, alimentação animal, gado leiteiro. AbstractMolds occur in a wide range of foods and feedstuffs, including roughage and grains destined to animal consumption, and may produce mycotoxins under certain conditions. This work intended to survey the presence of mycotoxins aflatoxin and zearalenone in feedstuffs destined to dairy cattle consumption in the region of Northern in the Paraná state, Brazil, using thin layer chromatography. Of the 272 samples analyzed for aflatoxins, 37 (13,6%) were positive with 20 (7,3%) above the limit of 20¼g/Kg determined by ANVISA. Of the 189 samples analyzed for zearalenone, 32 (16,9%) were positive and all were above 200¼g/Kg, which is the recommended limit in the surveyed region. Contamination by aflatoxins occurred more in grains, while zearalenone occurred more in roughages.

Determination of presence and quantification of cadmium, lead and copper in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets obtained from three cold storage plants in the State of Parana, Brazil Determinação da presença e quantificação dos metais cádmio, chumbo e cobre em filés de tilápia-do-Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) obtidos de três frigoríficosAlexandre Nobuhiro TAJIRI 1 , Daisy PONTES NETTO 1 *, Márcia SASSAHARA 1 , Mari Sylmara Martins RODRIGUES 1 , Cristina Arduini Cavalcanti de ARRUDA 1 IntroductionThe name "Tilapia" is used to designate fish from the Cichidae family, Perciform Order (HUET, 1983), being commonly used as a reference to the genus Tilapia, Sarotherodon and Oreochromis, and mainly to the species of greater size and with potential for fishing, breeding and consumption .The most cultivated species of tilapia in the world is Oreochromis niloticus, commonly known as Nile tilapia or Nilotic tilapia (KUBITZA, 2000). This is a robust species, presenting high prolificity, resistance to high temperatures and low respiratory demand. It is also a plankton eater, omnivore and mouth brooding fish (BEVERIDGE; BAIRD, 2000; HUET, 1983; KUBITZA, 2000;OSTRENSKY;BOEGUER, 1998;POPMA; MASSE, 1999;TURNER;ROBINSON, 2000).The relevance of fish as a source of protein is undeniable, and so is its role as an indicator of environmental contamination. Fish are excellent sources for eco-toxicological studies due to their ability of removing, storing and bio-accumulating polluting composts in their organisms (STREIT, 1998).Nowadays, there are many contaminants being discharged into nature by human actions, and among these there are also toxic metals. Metals, among other criteria, can not be synthesized nor destroyed by men, and are released into the environment in geologic processes, such as rain, erosion and also ResumoA piscicultura é uma atividade econômica em pleno crescimento no Estado do Paraná/Brasil, sendo a tilápia-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) uma das principais espécies de peixe cultivadas no Estado. A tilápia, além de ser um alimento rico, é um importante indicador de contaminação ambiental. O trabalho objetivou a análise dos filés de tilápia para averiguação de contaminação pelos metais cádmio, cobre e chumbo, e a comparação dos valores encontrados com legislações internacionais. Foram coletadas 135 amostras de filés de tilápia, entre julho de 2006 e maio de 2007, de três frigoríficos de peixe localizados nas regiões oeste e norte do Estado do Paraná. As amostras foram analisadas, utilizandose a espectrofotometria de absorção atômica, para averiguar a presença dos metais chumbo, cádmio e cobre. O chumbo não foi detectado nas análises. O cádmio foi detectado em três amostras, uma de cada frigorífico, nas concentrações de 0,012 µg.g -1 , 0,011 µg.g -1 e 0,014 µg.g -1 . O cobre foi detectado em todos os filés, sendo as médias de concentração de cada frigorífico de 0,122 µg.g -1 , 0,106 µg.g -1 e 0,153 µg.g -1 . As concentrações dos metais encontradas estão de acordo como o permitido pelas legislações europeias...