CARD15 and IL23R confer susceptibility to CD in the Brazilian population. However, the presence of these variants did not influence disease phenotype. Further research should be focused on larger sample sizes with population admixture analysis to better understand the risks and genotype-phenotype correlation in populations like Brazil where the prevalence of CD is rapidly rising.

The prevalence of CD in a group of Brazilian pediatric DM 1 patients was at least 4.8%, a prevalence comparable to European and North American studies. The high prevalence of CD among DM 1 emphasizes the need for routine screening in all countries including Brazil.

The results evidenced that low sensitivity of ASCA and pANCA markers limits their use in IBD screening in the general population; however, their specificity may contribute to differentiation between CD and UC in IBD patients. Our study lends further support to the suggestion that serologic assessment identifies different subtypes of IBD.