This thesis aims to analyze the environmental requalification realized in precarious settlements on valley bottom areas oriented for protection by the environmental planning instruments of the metropolis of Curitiba. Such settlements were urbanized by the Companhia de Habitação do Paraná under the Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento (PAC), modality: Projetos Prioritários de Investimento (PPI), Intervenção em Favelas (IF). It is hypothesized that the adoption of compensatory rainwater management techniques, associated with urban treatment, in the interventions of the PAC Favelas, contributed to the environmental requalification of the east side valley bottoms. From the methodological structure of analysis, composed of four key descriptors-water courses, permanent preservation areas, environmental sanitation and public roads-, it was verified in the case studies of PAC Iraí and Guarituba, municipalities of Pinhais and Piraquara, that the urbanizations have been promoting an undeniable environmental gain to the fluvial plains of the Área de Interesse Especial Regional do Rio Iguaçu (AIERI) by restoring, with the linear parks, areas of restriction to the occupation degraded by precarious irregular occupation. However, there were also institutional and project impasses, especially regarding the restoration of the vegetation cover of the riparian forests and urban design aspects, which can result in the abandonment of the collective use of the riverside public spaces, giving rise to the resumption of the cycle degradation in post-urbanization. It was also verified the sectorial character of urbanizations in the metropolis of Curitiba, delimited by administrative limits in detriment to the unit of the hydrographic basin, which resulted in experiences with more or less participative adhesion of the prefectures in relation to the State Government, proponent of the PAC PPI-IF.
The objective of this study is to assess the efficiency of flood control measures implemented in the Audi-União District, located on the Iguaçu River floodplain in the city of Curitiba, Brazil, by the application of hydrological-hydraulic modeling using HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS software packages. The scenarios of the years of 2014, 2024 and 2034 with return periods of 10, 25, 50 and 100 years were analyzed. It was observed that the set of hydraulic structures located upstream of Audi-União District can reduce the peak flow at the beginning of the Iguaçu River by 31.4% and the flood area by 35.1%, considering the period of return of 100 years and the land use of 2014. Regarding the measures implemented directly by the Audi-União District, it was observed that the built levee can control floods in the area, except for a small area that is not protected by the levee, in both 2014 and future scenarios. The creation of the Iguaçu Environmental Protection Area and the relocation of families, which were non-structural measures implemented in the region, also proved to be efficient, considering that these areas would suffer from flooding even for rainfall events with a period of return of 10 years. Keywords: Flood control, HEC-HMS, HEC-RAS.
O presente resumo refere-se a projeto de pesquisa de caráter exploratório realizado em Curitiba, pelo Laboratório de Urbanismo e Paisagismo (LUPA/UTFPR), parte integrante do Observatório dos Conflitos Urbanos em Curitiba, iniciativa de diversos grupos de pesquisa nacionais e internacionais que têm como um dos pontos de partida o projeto "Mapa dos Conflitos Urbanos do Rio de Janeiro", desenvolvido a partir de 2004 pelo laboratório Estado, Trabalho, Território e Natureza (ETTERN) do Instituto de Pesquisa e Planejamento Urbano e Regional (IPPUR) da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. A pesquisa mapeará os conflitos urbanos na Região Metropolitana de Curitiba, entendidos como os confrontos expressos por manifestações públicas coletivas que têm a cidade como espaço e objeto de suas reivindicações. Essa pesquisa analisará sua distribuição e localização na cidade, comparando com indicadores dos bairros para analisar a interface de tais conflitos com o território. Mapearam-se os objetos de conflito manifestos, coletivo mobilizado, instituição reclamada, o local de origem e manifestação do conflito. Nesta pesquisa entende-se que os conflitos são a chave de leitura e interpretação da cidade. Por meio deles, a população manifesta sua ação cidadã e seu descontentamento devido à ausência ou inadequação de políticas públicas aplicadas ao território. Conforme se verá com mais detalhes no mapeamento, as questões identificadas como mais conflituosas referem-se à mobilidade urbana (transporte, trânsito e circulação) e à moradia de interesse social, diferentemente do Rio de Janeiro, onde o principal objeto de conflito manifesto refere-se à segurança urbana, cerca de 42% dos conflitos pesquisados (ALVARES et all, 2009). No artigo procurou-se refletir as razões desse tipo de conflito na cidade de Curitiba e a relação com a ausência ou insuficiência das políticas públicas.
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