This
study looked to improve reproducibility in the procedure to
determine the yield stress of water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions prepared
with waxy crude oil. The influence of various experimental variables
was studied: measurement geometry, emulsion cooling rate, shear stress
during the cooling step, gap reduction (parallel plates), final gap
(parallel plates), and conditioning steps. The measured yield stress
varied significantly depending upon the measuring geometry used (from
100 to 500 Pa). The geometries cross-hatched parallel plate (D = 60 mm) and grooved coaxial cylinder measured the highest
yield stress, and it was observed that the shear stress during cooling
was the most important measurement variable in the emulsion yield
stress.
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