ResumoContexto: O consumo de álcool e drogas constitui-se em uma problemática mundial. A exclusão e a ausência de políticas específicas que marcaram a saúde pública brasileira demonstram a necessidade de reversão dos modelos assistenciais para contemplar as reais necessidades dos usuários que apresentam transtornos decorrentes do consumo de álcool e drogas. O desafio de formular uma política específica de prevenção, tratamento e reabilitação numa lógica que permita a singularidade e a reinserção social dos indivíduos tem sido tema dos diversos estudos nessa área. Objetivos: Identificar a utilização e compreensão do conceito da reabilitação psicossocial na atenção aos problemas associados ao consumo de álcool e drogas. Métodos: Revisão bibliográfica do banco de dados MEDLINE, de 1997 a 2007, sobre a reabilitação psicossocial no campo da atenção aos transtornos decorrentes do consumo de álcool e outras drogas. Resultados: Foram selecionados dez artigos que apresentavam similaridade com o tema. Conclusões: Encontramos os termos "suporte social" e "apoio social", que fazem referência à importância da rede social na recuperação do usuário de álcool e outras drogas, assim como a reabilitação psicossocial determina a importância da rede social do indivíduo como um de seus eixos. , P.H. et al. / Rev. Psiq. Clín 35, supl 1; 82-88, 2008 Palavras-chave: Reabilitação psicossocial, álcool, drogas. Pinho AbstractContext: The consumption of alcohol and drugs constitutes a worldwide problem. Exclusion and lack of specific policies for those who suffer with drug and alcohol dependency has marked Brazilian public health policy and demonstrated the need for change in the service models in order to contemplate the real needs of those with alcohol and drug abuse disorders. The challenge of formulating a specific prevention, treatment and rehabilitation policy within a framework that considers individuality and allows social reinsertion of individuals has been the subject of numerous studies in this area. Objectives: To identify the use and understanding of the concept of psychosocial rehabilitation associated with the problems of alcohol and drug abuse. Methods: Literature review in the MEDLINE database between 1997 and 2007 on psychosocial rehabilitation, specifically in the cases of alcohol and drug use disorders. Results: Ten articles were selected based on their pertinence to the subject. Conclusions: We found the term "social support" which refers to the importance of a social network to help the patient recovering from alcohol and drug addiction, just as the psychosocial rehabilitation -which determines the importance of the individual's social network -is one of its bases.Pinho, P.H. et al. / Rev. Psiq. Clín 35, supl 1; 82-88, 2008
Background There is good evidence for the use of compression for some clinical indications but little is known about dosimetry in compression. Objective The aim of this work was to evaluate whether or not the use of compression stockings during part of the day would help in the reduction of evening oedema in patients with clinical, epidemiological, anatomical and physiopathological (CEAP) classifications C0 and C1. Methods The effects of elastic compression stockings on volumetric variations during the working day were evaluated for the legs of two men and 18 women (40 legs). The inclusion criterion was classification as C0 (10 legs) or C1 (30 legs) according to the CEAP criteria. Participants used three-quarter-length elastic compression stockings (20-30 mmHg) on three consecutive days for the entire day or only for the morning or they did not use the stockings at all. Volumetry using the water displacement technique was performed in the morning and in the evening. When the patients wore the stockings only during the morning, volumetry was also performed at 13:00 h. Results Significant increases in volume were observed for both legs when stockings were not used compared with the use of stockings in the morning only. After removing the stockings, both legs had significant increases in volume in the afternoon. However, use for half the day was better than not using the stockings at all. Conclusions The use of elastic compression stockings can reduce volumetric variations during working hours, with the use of stockings for the entire day being better than for just half the day.
The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of occupational leg swelling depending on the time period of the working day. Volumetric variations of the legs of 70 hospital employees, enrolled in three groups, were evaluated. Group I: 35 morning shift workers; Group II: 35 afternoon shift workers; and Group III: 15 individuals randomly selected from Groups I and II, who were evaluated on the day they worked 12 hours consecutively. Volumetry was performed before and after each shift for both legs of the participants in Groups I and II. For Group III volumetry was performed early in the morning, at noon and in the evening. For statistical analysis, the Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used with an alpha error of 5% being considered acceptable (P value<0.05). Significant increases in volume were recorded for the limbs in all three groups (P value<0.001). On comparing Groups I and II, the accumulation of fluids was significantly higher in the morning than in the afternoon (P value<0.003). Asymptomatic workers may present with oedema of the legs during their work with the rate of oedema being different for morning and afternoon shifts. The possibility of wearing compression stockings should be considered for this type of work.
ResumoContexto: A presença de edema vespertino nos membros inferiores de indivíduos normais, após jornada habitual de trabalho, foi demonstrada na literatura nacional e internacional. O ritmo de formação e o acúmulo desse edema variam de acordo com os distintos turnos laborais.Objetivo: O edema de membros inferiores tem sido descrito após jornadas habituais de trabalho e representa uma queixa freqüente na prática vascular. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a evolução do edema em indivíduos normais durante os distintos turnos laborais. Método:Foram feitas avaliações volumétricas de ambos os membros inferiores em 20 profissionais da área da saúde do Hospital e Maternidade São Marcos de Maringá, no Paraná. A escolha dos participantes foi por ordem de chegada, e as volumetrias foram feitas por técnica de deslocamento de água às 7, 13 e 19 h. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o teste t de Student, considerando erro alfa de 5%.Resultado: Dos 20 participantes, 19 eram do sexo feminino e 1 do masculino, sem evidência de doença venosa nos membros inferiores e pertencentes a C0 e C1 da classificação CEAP (C = clínica, E = etiologia, A = segmento anatômico, P = fisiopatologia). As idades dos participantes variaram entre 20 e 53 anos. Detectou-se aumento significativo de volume nos membros inferiores entre os distintos períodos avaliados, com p = 0,0001 e 0,0001, respectivamente. A maior variação ocorreu no período da manhã, com média ± desvio padrão de 107,2±63,5 mL, enquanto que à tarde, a variação foi de 44,5±35,4 mL. Conclusão:O edema é uma constante durante atividades laborais, mesmo em pessoas sem doença venosa manifesta e sofre influência do turno laboral ao qual o trabalhador se encontra exposto.Palavras-chave: Edema, insuficiência venosa, fisiologia do trabalho, turno laboral. AbstractBackground: Presence of evening edema of lower limbs in normal individuals after a regular working shift has been shown in the national and international literature. Formation rhythm and accumulation of this type of edema vary according to different work shifts.
ResumoContexto: O uso de álcool e outras drogas na adolescência vem crescendo nacional e internacionalmente e tem sido considerado um problema de saúde pública. Vários estudos foram realizados para contribuir com programas de prevenção e tratamento. Diante das peculiaridades da população adolescente, diferentes estratégias de intervenção têm sido implementadas e avaliadas. Objetivos: Descrever estratégias de intervenção e programas de tratamento para adolescentes usuários de álcool e outras drogas, bem como os procedimentos de avaliação de efetividade. Métodos: Realizar a revisão de artigos científicos encontrados na base de dados Adolec, de 1997 a 2007, sobre o tratamento de adolescentes usuários de álcool e outras drogas. Resultados: Foram selecionados seis artigos que apresentaram semelhanças quanto à utilização de escalas para avaliação, exames toxicológicos para medir a diminuição do uso e investimento em programas de intervenção breve. A diferença está na avaliação; três deles consideraram o grau de satisfação dos adolescentes e um único artigo coletou os dados sem a utilização de escalas predeterminadas. Conclusões: Ressalta-se a necessidade de sistematização de estudos que detalhem estratégias de intervenção e possibilitem replicação. Aponta para questões conceituais sobre a adolescência e a avaliação participativa como aspectos importantes no processo de elaboração e avaliação de programas.Almeida, M.M. et al. / Rev. Psiq. Clín 35, supl 1; 76-81, 2008 Palavras-chave: Adolescência, tratamento, álcool e drogas. AbstractBackground: Alcohol and drug use has been growing in Brazil and abroad and has been considered a public health problem. A growing body of literature has contributed to prevention and treatment programs. Considering the particular characteristics of adolescents, different intervention strategies have been implemented and evaluated. Objectives: The goal of this study was to describe different intervention strategies and treatment programs, as well as the assessment procedures for measuring intervention effectiveness. Methods: This article presents a review of the scientific literature pertaining to the treatment of adolescent alcohol and drug users contained in the database Adolec and written during the period between 1997-2007. Results: Six articles were selected. They had some similarities in their use of assessment scales, toxicology testing to determine decrease in usage, and investment in brief intervention programs. The differences were found in the assessment; three articles took into consideration the participant's satisfaction in the treatment program, and only one of these did not use specific scales to collect data. Conclusions: This article highlights the need to increase the amount of studies that detail intervention strategies and make replication possible. The study points to conceptual questions regarding adolescence and the need for participatory evaluation as important aspects in the process of implementing and evaluating programs specifically for adolescents.
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