The incidental diagnosis of two cases of silicosis at Messejana Hospital, Fortaleza, capital of Ceará state, triggered a field research conducted with the objective of investigating the incidence of silicosis in pit diggers in four towns in the Ibiapaba Mountain Range, at the state's northwestern area, northeastern Brazil. Out of a universe of 1,050 pit diggers in the area, 366 participated in the study; they were all males ranging in age between 16 and 76 years old (average 39 years). The excavation and the sickening process were described and a dust exposure index in pit diggers (DEIPD) was defined. The study sample indicated a rate of 121 (33.06%) silicotics and possibly silicotics. The radiologic findings were related to the DEIPD and indicated significant prevalence of disease. Furthermore, during the research period, from 1986 to 1989, 30 (34.9%) silicotics died of respiratory failure and wasting of body tissues. The data suggested that these men were afflicted with a severe occupational health problem, possibly scattered throughout a large area in northeastern Brazil, where manual pit excavations occur during the whole year and increase during drought periods.
31 ResumoCom o intuito de diagnosticar os principais agentes etiológi-cos das doenças atópicas em crianças brasileiras (3 a 16 anos), realizamos o presente estudo multicêntrico em oito diferentes regiões do Brasil (n=306), testando-se por meio do prick test, uma bateria padronizada de antígenos inalantes e alimentos (IFIDESA ARISTEGUI). Foram considerados positivos os diâmetros mé-dios de pápulas 3 mm. 22,2% dos pacientes tiveram teste negativo e a maioria restante foi positiva aos inalantes: D. pteronyssinus(Dpt) (66,6%) e D. farinae (Df) (66,0%), extrato de pó domiciliar (29,0%), epitélio de cão (19,2%), epitélio de gato (8,8%), penas (5,5%), fungos (4,2%), Penicillium sp (2,2%) e Lollium perene (0,6%). Com relação aos alimentos, observamos ocorrência de 9,1% de testes positivos, sendo a distribuição em ordem decrescente: leite de vaca (5,2%), amendoim (3,5%), milho (3,2), cacau e soja (2,2%), ovos e trigo (1,9%). Esses dados demonstram que os ácaros domésticos constituem-se nos principais agentes etiológicos da doença atópica em nosso meio, sendo necessária a determinação da população acarina em cada região do país e a aplicação de testes cutâneos com extratos específicos para cada realidade.J. pediatr. (Rio J.). 1995; 71(1):31-35: alergia, atopia, testes cutâneos, alérgenos inalantes, alimentos. AbstractIn order to determine the etiologic agents involved in atopic diseases in Brazilian children, we have performed this multicentric study in 8 areas in Brazil. We have done prick tests with inhalants and food antigens and analyzed skin tests results, considering positive the wheal mean diameter 3 mm. 22,2% of skin tests were negative and the majority were positive to inhalants: D.pteronyssinus(Dpt) (66,6%) and D. farinae(Df) (66,0%), house dust extract (29,0%), dog's epithelium (19,2%), cat's epithelium (8,8%), feather (5,5%), molds (4,2%), Penicillium sp (2,2%) and Lollium perene (0,6%). We have had 9,1% of food positive tests: cow milk (5,2%), peanut (3,5%), corn (3,2%), cocoa and soya (2,2%), eggs and wheat (1,9%). We have concluded that the domestic mites are the most important agents involved in the etiology of atopic diseases in Brazilian children, and the extracts involved, in line with the sensitization of each geographical area.J. pediatr. (Rio J.). 1995; 71(1):31-35: allergy, atopy, skin tests, inhalant allergens; food.Estima-se que o risco de alergia na população geral, seja próximo de 20%, aumentando para 50% se um dos pais for alérgico, ou para 66% se ambos o forem. 3,4,5 A importância relativa de um alérgeno individual é usualmente definida pela porcentagem de pacientes alérgi-cos que apresentem níveis séricos de IgEs específicas a esta proteína: quando mais de 60% dos pacientes apresentam IgE específica para determinado alérgeno, ele é considerado um alérgeno principal. 6 Cada indivíduo atópico apresenta um "marcador" alérgi-co, manifestado por hiperreatividade somente a certos antí-genos e determinado primariamente por fatores genéticos e exposição ambiental. 7,8 A resposta não se limita à sí...
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