The use of ultra-high-strength steels (UHSS) has been growing in recent years, mainly in the automotive industry. Since these steels have high strength and hardness, more applied stresses are required to deform them, probably also impacting friction behaviour. In this article, a variation in the process parameters commonly observed in sheet-metal forming, such as contact pressure, sliding speed, lubrication and working temperature was performed. The material used was TRIP1000. These process parameters were varied, aiming to investigate the friction-coefficient behaviour; however, it was observed that there were no significant variations, indicating that the steel hardness may have contributed to this. Another finding is that, even if the lubricant did not change the average value of the friction coefficient, it contributed to a more stable process, favouring the absence of premature wear of the tools.
ResumoOs aços inoxidáveis possuem uma alta aplicabilidade nas indústrias de petróleo e gás, química e de papel e celulose, principalmente, devido à suas características de alta resistência à corrosão e alta resistência mecânica. Neste trabalho, estudos baseadas na técnica dos cinco punções foram realizados para avaliar as características de conformação do aço inoxidável UNS S32304. A metodologia baseia-se na caracterização mecânica do material para mensurar suas propriedades, como limite de escoamento e índice de anisotropia. Seguiu-se com uma análise teórica da estampabilidade do material através da simulação computacional do ensaio de cinco punções. Esta técnica analisa tipos de deformações desde o estiramento biaxial até o embutimento profundo. Esse trabalho apresenta uma análise computacional do comportamento desse material com relação à estampagem para os diversos punções. É apresentado o gráfico da Razão Limite de Estampagem teórica para o UNS S32304 em relação aos cinco punções utilizados e a influência do coeficiente de anisotropia normal nos resultados. Palavras-chave: Aço inoxidável; Ensaio de cinco punções; Conformação de chapas; Razão de estampagem.
COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF FORMABILITY OF STAINLESS STEEL THROUGH THE NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FIVE PUNCH TEST AbstractThe stainless steel shows a high applicability in industries of oil and gas, chemical and cellulose and paper, mainly due to its high corrosion resistance and high strength characteristics. In this work, studies based on the five punch test were performed to evaluate the formability of the stainless steel UNS S32304. The method is based on the mechanical characterization of the material such as yield strength and anisotropy level. After measuring those properties, it was made a theoretical analysis of the formability of the material through a computer simulation based on the five punch test. This technique analyzes the types of resulting deformation from biaxial stretching to deep drawing. This paper presents a computational analysis of the material behavior in relation to the stamping for various punches. It is presented the analyses of the theoretical Limiting Drawing Ratio for UNS S32304 steel obtained by the five punches test and, in addition, discussed in terms of the influence of the normal anisotropy coefficient in the results.
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