Objective: The literature describes various cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage techniques to alleviate posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in preterm newborns; however, consensus has not been reached. The scope of this study was describing a case series of premature neonates with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus and assessing the outcomes of different approaches used for CSF diversion. Methods: A consecutive review of the medical records of neonates with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus treated with CSF drainage was conducted. Results: Forty premature neonates were included. Serial lumbar puncture, ventriculosubgaleal shunt, and ventriculoperitoneal shunt were the treatments of choice in 25%, 37.5% and 37.5% of the cases, respectively. Conclusion: Cerebrospinal fluid diversion should be tailored to each case with preference given to temporary CSF drainage in neonates with lower age and lower birth-weight, while the permanent ventriculoperitoneal shunt should be considered in healthier, higher birth-weight neonates born closer to term.Keywords: cerebral hemorrhage; hydrocephalus; cerebrospinal fluid. RESUMOObjetivo: A literatura descreve várias opções de drenagem liquórica (DL) para alivio da hidrocefalia pós-hemorrágica (HPH) em neonatos prematuros; contudo, não existe um consenso sobre a melhor abordagem. O escopo deste estudo foi descrever uma série de casos de neonatos prematuros, portadores de HPH, verificando os resultados de diferentes técnicas utilizadas para DL. Métodos: Revisão consecutiva dos prontuários de neonatos com diagnostico de HPH submetidos a DL. Resultados: Quarenta recém-nascidos prematuros foram incluídos. A punção lombar seriada (PL), a derivação ventriculosubgaleal (VSG) e a derivação ventrículo peritoneal (VP) foram o tratamento escolhido em 25%, 37,5% e 37,5% dos casos, respectivamente. Conclusão: As opções de DL devem ser avaliadas caso a caso, sendo dada preferência às drenagens temporária em prematuros com idade e peso mais baixos ao nascer, enquanto o shunt definitivo (derivação VP) pode ser considerado naqueles prematuros mais saudáveis, com idade e peso superiores.Palavras-chave: hemorragia cerebral; hidrocefalia; líquido cefalorraquidiano. Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) has been a major cause of mortality among premature neonates for more than 40 years 1,2 and is associated with neonatal encephalopathy, subsequent subtle apnea, and death 1,2,3,4 . Low birth-weight premature neonates are more vulnerable to IVH and, depending on the IVH grade, to posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH). Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus can evolve to progressive PHH, and in more severe cases, to periventricular hemorrhagic infarct, hemorrhagic cerebral injury, and periventricular leukomalacia 1,4,5 . Between 15% to 20% of neonates born with a weight less than 1,500 g are estimated to develop IVH. Further, 75% of those with Papile grade III or IV hemorrhages develop progressive PHH and need a permanent shunt 4,6 .The literature does not clearly indicate any standardized protocols for the best PHH treatment o...

Introduction: Prognostic models are statistical models that combine two or more items of patient data to predict clinical outcomes. Objective: Identify prognostic models of mortality developed and published in the medical literature for possible applicability in children and adolescents victims of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: Systematic review in the Medline electronic database (PubMed platform) of scientific articles published from 2006 (year of publication of the last systematic review on prognostic models for TBI before 2017) until July 29, 2017. Results: Ten studies on prognostic models of mortality in children and adolescents victims of severe TBI were identified for final inclusion in the review. There were eight development and two validation studies conducted in different countries. Conclusion: The analysis of this systematic review makes it possible to conclude that the ten prognostic models included in the final sample provide health professionals with a scientific evidence-based understanding of the severity of pediatric victims of severe TBI. This systematic review is classified as presenting 2A and 1 level of evidence (systematic review of homogeneous cohorts), according to the 2009 and 2011 classifications, respectively, of the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine