Peri-operative SARS-CoV-2 infection increases postoperative mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal duration of planned delay before surgery in patients who have had SARS-CoV-2 infection. This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study included patients undergoing elective or emergency surgery during October 2020. Surgical patients with pre-operative SARS-CoV-2 infection were compared with those without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality. Logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted 30-day mortality rates stratified by time from diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection to surgery. Among 140,231 patients (116 countries), 3127 patients (2.2%) had a pre-operative SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. Adjusted 30-day mortality in patients without SARS-CoV-2 infection was 1.5% (95%CI 1.4-1.5). In patients with a pre-operative SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, mortality was increased in patients having surgery within 0-2 weeks, 3-4 weeks and 5-6 weeks of the diagnosis (odds ratio (95%CI) 4.1 (3.3-4.8), 3.9 (2.6-5.1) and 3.6 (2.0-5.2), respectively). Surgery performed ≥ 7 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis was associated with a similar mortality risk to baseline (odds ratio (95%CI) 1.5 (0.9-2.1)). After a ≥ 7 week delay in undertaking surgery following SARS-CoV-2 infection, patients with ongoing symptoms had a higher mortality than patients whose symptoms had resolved or who had been asymptomatic (6.0% (95%CI 3.2-8.7) vs. 2.4% (95%CI 1.4-3.4) vs. 1.3% (95%CI 0.6-2.0), respectively). Where possible, surgery should be delayed for at least 7 weeks following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients with ongoing symptoms ≥ 7 weeks from diagnosis may benefit from further delay.
SARS-CoV-2 has been associated with an increased rate of venous thromboembolism in critically ill patients. Since surgical patients are already at higher risk of venous thromboembolism than general populations, this study aimed to determine if patients with peri-operative or prior SARS-CoV-2 were at further increased risk of venous thromboembolism. We conducted a planned sub-study and analysis from an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study of elective and emergency patients undergoing surgery during October 2020. Patients from all surgical specialties were included. The primary outcome measure was venous thromboembolism (pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis) within 30 days of surgery. SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis was defined as peri-operative (7 days before to 30 days after surgery); recent (1-6 weeks before surgery); previous (≥7 weeks before surgery); or none. Information on prophylaxis regimens or pre-operative anti-coagulation for baseline comorbidities was not available. Postoperative venous thromboembolism rate was 0.5% (666/123,591) in patients without SARS-CoV-2; 2.2% (50/2317) in patients with peri-operative SARS-CoV-2; 1.6% (15/953) in patients with recent SARS-CoV-2; and 1.0% (11/1148) in patients with previous SARS-CoV-2. After adjustment for confounding factors, patients with peri-operative (adjusted odds ratio 1.5 (95%CI 1.1-2.0)) and recent SARS-CoV-2 (1.9 (95%CI 1.2-3.3)) remained at higher risk of venous thromboembolism, with a borderline finding in previous SARS-CoV-2 (1.7 (95%CI 0.9-3.0)). Overall, venous thromboembolism was independently associated with 30-day mortality ). In patients with SARS-CoV-2, mortality without venous thromboembolism was 7.4% (319/4342) and with venous thromboembolism was 40.8% (31/76). Patients undergoing surgery with peri-operative or recent SARS-CoV-2 appear to be at increased risk of postoperative venous thromboembolism compared with patients with no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Optimal venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment are unknown in this cohort of patients, and these data should be interpreted accordingly.
Objetivo: Avaliar as características clínicas e patológicas do tumor filoides e identificar fatores relacionados com risco de recidivas em pacientes acompanhadas no ambulatório de Mastologia do Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo (HSPE-SP). Método: Estudo retrospectivo descritivo de dados de 52 pacientes, entre 1976 e 2013, dentre os quais: idade, tamanho do tumor, tipo histológico, margens cirúrgicas, tipo de cirurgia, recidivas e tempo para recidiva. Resultados: A idade média das pacientes foi 45,7 anos. O tamanho médio do tumor foi de 7,8 cm. O tratamento em 12 pacientes foi a mastectomia, e as demais 40 a excisão ampla. O tipo histológico encontrado em 30 pacientes foi tumores benignos, 11 malignos e 11 de variedade borderline. Após o seguimento médio de 53,93 meses, observaram-se 17 recidivas. Não houve relevância estatística entre a recorrência local e as variáveis avaliadas. Conclusões: A amostra avaliada tem características clínicas e patológicas condizentes com a literatura, com média de idade de 45 anos, tamanho do tumor de 7,8 cm, sendo encontrados na maioria tumor filoides benigno e 33% de recidivas. Não houve significância estatística entre características avaliadas e o risco de recidiva.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Doenças da mama; cirurgia; tumores de mama; tumor filoide; mama. RESUMO ABSTRACTObjective: To evaluate the clinical and pathological characteristics of phyllodes tumors, and to identify possible associated risk factors for relapses among patients from the Breast Surgery Department of the Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual of São Paulo (HSPE-SP). Methods: Retrospective, descriptive study of data from 52 patients, between 1976 and 2013. The following data were collected: age, tumor size, histological type, surgical margins, type of surgery performed, relapses and amount of time before relapse. Results: The mean age of the patients was 45.7 years old, the mean size of the tumor was 7.8 cm. A mastectomy was performed on 12 patients, and the others underwent a wide excision. Benign phyllodes tumors were found in 30 patients, and the others were found as follows: 11 with borderline tumors and 11 with malign phyllodes tumors. There was no statistical relevance with regard to the relapses and the characteristics evaluated. Conclusion: The sample studied has similar clinical and pathological characteristics as described in the scientific literature, with the mean age at diagnosis being 45 years old, the mean tumor size, 7.8 cm. The majority found were benign phyllodes tumors and 33% were from relapses. There was no statistical significance between the evaluated variables and the risk for relapse.
RESUMORelato do caso de uma mulher com 83 anos apresentando nódulo e retração de pele na mama direita com oito meses de evolução. Ao exame físico verificou-se nódulo sólido de 5 cm, localizado no quadrante súpero-lateral de mama direita, associado a presença de retração de pele correspondente e linfonodos axilares não coalescentes ipsilaterais. O resultado da mamografia evidenciou nódulo de 4 cm de diâmetro irregular no quadrante súpero-lateral da mama direita (Bi-rads V). Estádio clínico: T2N1M0 (IIB). O tratamento cirúrgico incluiu mastectomia radical modificada (à Maden) com dissecção axilar níveis I, II e III. Avaliação histopatológica demonstrou a presença de carcinoma lobular infiltrativo que mediu 2,5 cm (T2), presença de linfadenite granulomatosa causada por tuberculose em linfonodos dos níveis I, II e III, associados a metástase de carcinoma lobular em um único nível linfático, nível I. Estádio patológico: pT2pN1aM0. A paciente recebeu tratamento para tuberculose ganglionar com rifampicina, isoniazida e pirazinamida por um ano. Foram solicitados receptores hormonais, os quais mostraram-se positivos, sendo feito terapia adjuvante com tamoxifeno. Durante o primeiro ano de seguimento a paciente evoluiu bem, sem sinais de recidiva local ou metástases a distância. ABSTRACTReport of a case of an 83-year-old woman presenting a nodule and skin retraction in the right breast for eight months. On physical examination, a solid nodule of 5 cm was observed, located in the upper-lateral quadrant of the right breast, associated with skin retraction and ipsilateral lymph nodes. Mammographic findings showed irregularly limited nodules of 4 cm in the upper-lateral quadrant of the right breast (Bi-rads V). Clinical staging: T2N1M0 (IIB). Surgical treatment included a modified radical mastectomy with axillary dissection levels I, II, and III. Histopathologic evaluation demonstrated the presence of an infiltrating lobular carcinoma measuring 2.5 cm (T2), presence of granulomatous lymphadenitis caused by tuberculosis in level I, II, and III lymph nodes, associated with lobular carcinoma metastasis in a single level I lymph node. Pathologic staging: pT2pN1aM0. The treatment for the axillary tuberculous lymphadenitis was done with rifampin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide for one year. Hormone receptors were positive, and adjuvant therapy was initiated with tamoxifen. During the first year of follow-up the patient had no signal of local recurrence or distant metastases.
Objective: Pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) is defined as diagnosed during pregnancy or within one year of childbirth, in which current evidence associates with poor prognosis, without showing what clinical characteristics could impact in survival. We aim to explore the impact of heterogeneity in risks on death and disease relapse, suggesting clinical characteristics that might improve PABC clinical outcomes. Methods: Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Lilacs and congress abstracts published since 2000 were used as data sources. Two reviewers independently selected manuscripts and extracted data and a third reviewer solved discrepancies. The primary outcome was overall survival (death), and secondary outcome was disease-free survival (death or relapse). Summarized hazard ratios were recalculated based on reported data. All metaanalyses used a random-effects model and heterogeneity was reported using the I2 method. Results: A total of 7143 studies were identified and 30 studies were included for metaanalyses. PABC is associated with a 96% (HR=1.96, 95%CI 1.58;2.35) higher risk of death and an additional 82% (HR=1.82, 95%CI 1.45;2.20) risk of death or disease relapse in comparison to a population of non-PABC or nulliparous BC. Through sensitivity analyses, we identified that clinical outcomes was impacted, possibly due to Ki-67 levels, poorly differentiated tumors, and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) frequency in the study. Conclusions: PABC is correlated with poorer prognosis, suggesting that besides early diagnosis, Ki-67 levels, poorly differentiated tumors and TNBC might be relevant sources of inconsistency. So, such clinical sources of heterogeneity should be better investigated regarding the potential to evaluate alternative therapeutic strategies. PABC deaths compared to non-PABC population, represented as hazard ratio PABC deaths or disease relapse compared to non-PABC population, represented as hazard ratio Citation Format: MARCELO ANTONINI, BARROS T. TAIS, JULIANA M. REAL, REGINALDO G. COELHO LOPES, ODAIR FERRARO, ANDRE MATTAR, LUCAS OKUMURA. Influence of Clinical Heterogeneity on Pregnancy Associated Breast Cancer survival: Systematic Review with Metanalysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-05-37.
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