The subgenus Canthon (Pseudepilissus) Martínez, 1954 is revised. Four valid species are redescribed: Canthon (Pseudepilissus) muticus
Harold, 1867; C. (P.) lunatus
Schmidt, 1922; C. (P.) planus
Lucas, 1857 and C. (P.) reichei
Felsche, 1910. Three species assigned to other groups are transferred in the subgenus: C. (P.) quadratus
Blanchard, 1843 [previously Canthon “incertae sedis”]; C. (P.) edentulus
Harold, 1868 [previously Canthon “incertae sedis”] and C. (P.) seminulus
Harold, 1867
comb. nov. [previously Vulcanocanthon]. The genus Vulcanocanthon
Pereira & Martínez, 1960
syn. nov. is synonymized with Canthon (Pseudepilissus). Three subspecies are raised to species level: C. (P.) tibialis
Schmidt, 1922
stat. nov. [previously C. (P.) lunatus tibialis]; C. (P.) granuliceps
Felsche, 1910
stat. nov. [previously C. edentulus granuliceps] and C. (P.) hendrichsi
Halffter & Martínez, 1968
stat. nov. [previously C. (P.) muticus hendrichsi]. C. (P.) honsi
Balthasar, 1939
syn. nov. is synonymized with C. (P.) reichei
Felsche, 1910. Four new species are described: Canthon (P.) arriagadai
sp. nov., Canthon (P.) bonaerensis
sp. nov., Canthon (P.) vidaurrei
sp. nov. and Canthon (P.) ziggy
sp. nov., bringing the number of species in the subgenus to 14. Lectotypes are designated for six species C. (P.) muticus
Harold, 1867; C. (P.) reichei
Felsche, 1910; C. (P.) planus
Lucas, 1857; C. (P.) seminulus
Harold, 1867; C. (P.) granuliceps
Felsche, 1910 and C. (P.) quadratus
Blanchard, 1843. A detailed literature review, synonymies, description, illustration of key morphological characters, data on the studied material and geographic distribution are provided for each species.