BackgroundThe Y-balance test has been used clinically to assess neuromuscular control deficits and a composite score of <94% and anterior asymmetry of >4 cm have been associated with lower limb injuries in basketball athletes.ObjectiveTo compare Y-test performance during the pre-season to in-season in injury-free athletes.DesignProspective study.SettingBrazilian sports club, mixed sports.Patients (or Participants)182 injury-free youth athletes (145 male and 37 female) from judo, volleyball, basketball, gymnastics and indoor soccer were assessed (age 14.3±2.8; height 168±19 cm, body mass 60±18 kg).Assessment of Risk FactorsThe Y-test was assessed during the pre-season (February) and in-season (June). Athletes practiced 6 trials on each leg prior to formal testing. While maintaining single-leg stance, they were asked to reach with the free limb in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions.Main Outcome MeasurementsY-test performance was calculated as the composite score (sum of the three reach distances, divided by 3 times limb length, then multiplied by 100). Anterior distance asymmetry was calculated as the difference between the dominant limb (DL) and non-dominant limb (NDL) values. Both measures were compared between pre- and in-season.ResultsThe pre-season average composite score for DL was 87.5% and for NDL 87.8%, while the average anterior distance asymmetry was 3.7 cm. During in-season, the average composite score was 85.4% for DL and NDL, and the anterior distance asymmetry was 3.0 cm. T-tests revealed statistically significant differences for the composite score (p<0.001) and for anterior distance asymmetry (p=0.01).ConclusionsAthletes showed poorer composite score values during in-season compared to pre-season and the values were below the risk cut-off point reported in the literature. This group did not present substantial anterior distance asymmetry.
BackgroundYouth gymnastic athletes have high risk for knee, ankle, spine and shoulder injury. Specific preventive programs could reduce injury incidence and sports time loss, which may reflect positively in an athlete's performance.ObjectiveCompare injury incidence rate before and after the implementation of a tailored preventive intervention in youth gymnastic athletes.DesignProspective study.SettingAll athletes were followed-up over a three-year period at Minas Tenis Clube. The tailored preventive intervention was implemented only in the third year.Patients (or Participants)82 female and male gymnastic athletes participated in this study; the mean for age was 10.59±2.69 years; body mass, 33.36 ±12.86 kg; and height 136.99±15.98 cm.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)After a preseason assessment a tailored preventive intervention was developed, including: 1) thoracic spine, shoulder, hip and ankle mobility; 2) core and scapular stabilization; 3) hip external rotation, eccentric lower limb and intrinsic foot muscle strengthening; 4) breathing exercises associated with core muscles. This preventive program was applied four times a week for 20 min supervised by the coaches and two times a week was executed by the sports physiotherapist.Main Outcome MeasurementsInjury incidence rate by 1000 hours of exposure and days of time loss were calculated each year.Resultsduring the first two years without preventive intervention the injury incidence was 8.8 and 8 injuries/1000 h, respectively. The third year with preventive intervention had an incidence rate of 3.8 injury/1000 h. The average time loss of the two years was 902 days and in the third year was 345 days. T-test revealed statistical difference pre and post intervention (p<0,02).ConclusionsThis study has shown that a tailored preventive intervention was effective to reduce the injury incidence rate in youth gymnastic athletes.
BackgroundJunior is the transition to senior category reflected by training load increase and element's difficulty. The higher physical demands modify the injury profile.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe junior gymnasts' injury profile in the seasons 2011–2012 in a sports club.DesignThis is an observational study, transversal, about the injuries in 2011–2012 season.SettingThis study was developed with national and international level gymnasts, in a Brazilian sports club.ParticipantsThe sample was composed of 6 junior male gymnasts, mean age of 15.8 years, exposed to the same training load.Risk factor assessmentThe physiotherapist reported all injuries during the season. The injury definition was time loss and/or any symptom that result in a training modification.Main outcome measurementsThe injuries were reported related to type (acute/chronic), location, affected structure and injury mechanism.ResultsThe injury incidence was 37 in 2 years, with an annual average of 3.08 injuries/athlete. According to the injury type, acute lesions were 46% and 54% chronic. The most affected location was the upper limbs (56%), highlighting the shoulder (29%). Shoulder injuries were 18% in 2011 and 21% in 2012, and elbow injuries indicate a decrease from 13% to 4%. In lower limbs (24%), ankle was the more affected joint (10%). Tendon was most common injured structure (32%) followed by muscular (18%). The most frequent mechanism was tendinopathy, especially rotator cuff tendons.ConclusionGymnastic's injury profile highlights the demand on upper limbs. The higher shoulder injuries incidence are associated to greater difficulty in pommel horse, rings, parallel bars, and horizontal bar. Lower elbow injuries reflect a technique improvement. Ankle injuries incidence are associated to repeated jumps and landings. Junior injury profile is important to guide the prevention strategies for healthy senior athletes.
Background Futsal has high injury's incidence due to intensive training and reduced recovery time between games. Intrinsic factors, which predispose to injury could be investigated by preseason assessment. Objective To compare the preseason and 6 months follow up results of single leg hop test and seat and reach test in futsal athletes. Design This is an observational longitudinal and prospective study to compare preseason results and follow up in different categories futsal athletes. Setting Athletes from 7 competitive categories under 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 20 years old and professionals of a Brazilian sports club, competing in national level. Participants 75 male athletes, mean age of 14.71 years (±2.44), mean weight of 56.95 kg (±12.33) and average height of 166.44 cm (±10.47). Risk factor assessment The athletes were evaluated using single leg hop test and sit and reach test in February (preseason) and September of 2012. Main outcome measurements Two tests were analyzed (single leg hop test and seat and reach test) to compare preseason and 6 months follow up results. The paired t-test was used for statistical analysis by SPSS software, version 19.0. Results All categories except under 17 and 18 showed improvement in values of the single leg hop test (P<.005) on both sides. No significant difference in single leg hop test symmetry were observed except in under 20 (P=.037). The seat and reach test values improved in all categories with a significant difference (P<.005) in under 12, 14 and 15. Conclusions The changes between preseason and 6 months later were expected and could be associated with improvements in strenght, power and flexibility. The tests changes indicated a physical capacity enhancement revolving around injury prevention by intrinsic factors management.
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