Introdução: O câncer caracteriza-se como importante problema de saúde pública tanto em países desenvolvidos como em países em desenvolvimento. Entre os cânceres que acometem o trato gastrointestinal, os mais incidentes são: cólon e reto, estômago, cavidade oral e esôfago. Hábitos alimentares inadequados, obesidade, tabagismo e sedentarismo são apontados como importantes fatores de risco. Objetivo: Traçar o perfil dos estudos populacionais realizados no Brasil que investigaram a relação entre as neoplasias do trato gastrointestinal e fatores nutricionais, como antropometria e consumo alimentar. Método: Revisão sistemática da literatura, realizada por meio de buscas bibliográficas nos bancos de dados informatizados, de artigos que investigaram a relação entre neoplasias do trato gastrointestinal e fatores nutricionais no Brasil. Resultados: Foram selecionados 15 artigos, sendo sete estudos sobre o câncer oral, quatro sobre o câncer de estômago, dois sobre o câncer de esôfago e dois sobre o câncer de cólon e reto. A maioria foi estudo transversal, seguido de caso-controle e ecológico. Entre os estudos, 14 avaliaram as neoplasias em relação aos fatores dietéticos e investigaram o consumo de bebida alcoólica. Os fatores antropométricos foram investigados por apenas um estudo. Verificou-se a concentração dos estudos em grandes centros urbanos, a pouca realização de estudos e a pequena produção de desenhos epidemiológicos com poder analítico para estabelecer possíveis fatores de risco nutricionais para as neoplasias estudadas. Conclusão: É necessário colocar a importância de uma maior exploração dessa relação no Brasil, para que sejam estabelecidas ações mais direcionadas visando a modificar a situação epidemiológica do câncer gastrointestinal no país.
Purpose: Evaluate the impacts of the nutritional education intervention for patients with multiples chronic conditions during smoking cessation. Methods: The non-probabilistic sample consisted of adult and elderly 18 individuals of both sexes, participants in a group for smoking cessation treatment. At the beginning of treatment, smoking history, degree of dependence and stage of motivation were evaluated. Craving degree was evaluated weekly during the first month. Anthropometric and biochemical evaluations were conducted at baseline, after 1 month and 3 months. Dietary intake was assessed by the "How is your diet?" questionnaire. There were three moments of nutritional intervention. The themes covered were "Energy balance and physical activity", "Healthy eating" and the importance of fruits and vegetables in the diet, respectively. Statistical analysis with Shapiro Wilk normality test, paired T-Test or Wilcoxon and U-Mann Whitney (Significance ≤0.05). Results: In the intervention group, most people had a high degree of smoking dependence (55.6%), while in the control group the frequency were 22.2%. Craving degree decreased significantly after 1 month of treatment (p= 0.017). After 3 months, the groups presented mean body weight positive variation, however below 3%. In both groups the average percentage of weight gain was below 3%, reinforcing that the holding of the nutrition session and performance of the nutritionist within the protocol proposed by the INCA helped in the control of weight gain.. Blood glucose and HOMA-IR in the intervention group showed a significant increase (p= 0.15 and p= 0.50, respectively). Conclusion: Greater proximity and more frequent action taken by the nutritionist assists and encourages healthy eating practices during smoking cessation process, which can benefit individuals control of chronic diseases in the long term
The objective of this study was to assess dried fruit mix and nuts and their effect on craving associated with the serum leptin of tobacco smokers.
Materials and Methods:This is a clinical intervention study with a nonprobabilistic sample (n = 23). The intervention group (IG) received 30 g of dried fruit and mix, and the control group (CG) received standard interventions. Test craving was analyzed using the Questionnaire of Smoking Urges (QSU-Brief). Serum leptin was assessed at the beginning and after 3 weeks. The data was tested using the SPSS program through the Shapiro-Wilk, unpaired Student t, or Mann-Whitney tests and multivariate linear regression.
Results:The study showed significant difference between initial and final weights and body mass indices. The IG showed a high degree of smoking dependence. The IG showed reduced craving. In the CG, median serum leptin levels showed increased craving in the second and third weeks.
Conclusions:Our results establish that craving decreased among smokers only in the IG. In the CG, above-median serum leptin levels reported a greater sense of pleasure in the second week. And in the third week, they experienced difficulties maintaining abstinence.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.