The operational conditions for an aqueous two‐phase system (ATPS) for β‐galactosidase purification were optimized and applied to the design of a purification strategy as an alternative to the primary purification steps. The ATPS proved to be suitable for the recovery and primary enzyme purification. The purification process design developed by ATPS, diafiltration, ion exchange, and diafiltration/ultrafiltration was successful, yielding a more than tenfold purification. The purification strategy design resulted in a powerful integrated purification and recovery process, an evidence of the potential for a scale‐up of the β‐galactosidase purification process.
Yacon root is a functional food which contains antioxidants and prebiotics compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the physical, chemical and prebiotic characteristics of a yacon extract powder obtained by ultrafiltration (UF) with membranes of 10 and 30 kDa and encapsulation of the resulting permeate by spray drying. Drying air temperatures of 140 and 160 ºC and concentrations of gum arabic of 10 and 15% were tested. The samples had solubility values greater than 90% while the hygroscopicity decreased with increasing gum concentration and drying temperature. Electron microscopy showed a strong tendency to agglomeration of smaller particles around the larger ones, mainly at a temperature of 140 ºC. Regarding color, the parameter L* showed that drying at 160 ºC produced darker samples and the parameters a* and b* indicated that all samples were greenish yellow. The concentration of inulin decreased during drying, whereas the levels of glucose and fructose increased due to the thermolysis reaction, which led to degradation of inulin chains at drying temperature. The permeates and retentates from the UF membranes had prebiotic activity, while only the encapsulated product from UF-30 membrane, metabolized by Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 ® , presented activity scores without significant difference to that of glucose.Index terms: Encapsulation; inulin; prebiotic activity. RESUMOO yacon é uma raiz que contém compostos com atividade antioxidante e prebiótica. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as características físicas, químicas e prebióticas das micropartículas de yacon encapsuladas por atomização. A partir do extrato do yacon foram obtidas as soluções de retido e permeado usando a separação por ultrafiltração (UF) com membranas de 10 e 30 kDa. O permeado foi misturado com goma arábica em concentrações de 10 e 15% e encapsulado por atomização a temperaturas de 140 e 160 °C. As micropartículas obtidas tiveram valores de solubilidade maiores que 90%, enquanto que a higroscopicidade diminuiu com o aumento da concentração de goma e da temperatura de secagem. A microscopia eletrônica mostrou uma forte tendência à aglomeração de partículas menores em torno das maiores, principalmente a 140 ºC. Em relação à cor, o parâmetro L* mostrou que a secagem a 160 ºC produziu amostras mais escuras, e os parâmetros a* e b* indicaram que todas as amostras tiveram coloração amarelo esverdeado. A concentração de inulina diminuiu durante a secagem, enquanto que os conteúdos de glicose e de frutose aumentaram devido às reações de termólise, o que levou à degradação das cadeias de inulina. As dispersões permeadas e retidas provenientes da separação de UF apresentaram atividade prebiótica, enquanto que somente o pó encapsulado proveniente da membrana de 30 kDa foi metabolizado pelo Lactobacillus acidophilus, apresentando escores de atividade sem diferença significativa em relação à da glicose.Termos para indexação: Encapsulação; inulina; atividade prebiótica.
-The objective of this study was to evaluate the separation of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) from yacon extract by an ultrafiltration process using membranes of 10 and 30 kDa. The total resistance (R t ), membrane resistance (R m ), fouling resistance (R f ), and concentration polarization (R c ) during the separation process were also assessed. The operating pressures were 1.2 and 0.75 bar for UF-10 and UF-30, respectively. The permeate flux increased upon increasing the pressure from 0.5 to 2 bar and the resistance values showed a slight increase with increasing pressure. The fouling percentages were 61.24% and 57.33% for the membranes UF-10 and UF-30, being reversible after the cleaning procedure with acidic and basic solution, resulting in high percentages of flux recovery of 76.46% and 83.56% for U-10 and UF-30, respectively. The FOS retention values were 24.48% and 6.49% for both membranes UF-10 and UF-30, corresponding to 24% and 18.4% purity.
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