Background Education and health are crucial topics for public policies as both largely determine the future wellbeing of the society. Currently, several studies recognize that physical activity (PA) benefits brain health in children. However, most of these studies have not been carried out in developing countries or lack the transference into the education field. The Cogni-Action Project is divided into two stages, a cross-sectional study and a crossover-randomized trial. The aim of the first part is to establish the associations of PA, sedentarism, and physical fitness with brain structure and function, cognitive performance and academic achievement in Chilean schoolchildren (10–13 years-old). The aim of the second part is to determinate the acute effects of three PA protocols on neuroelectric indices during a working memory and a reading task. Methods PA and sedentarism will be self-reported and objectively-assessed with accelerometers in a representative subsample, whilst physical fitness will be evaluated through the ALPHA fitness test battery. Brain structure and function will be assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a randomized subsample. Cognitive performance will be assessed through the NeuroCognitive Performance Test, and academic achievement by school grades. In the second part 32 adolescents (12–13 year-old) will be cross-over randomized to these condition (i) “Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training” (MICT), (ii) “Cooperative High-Intensity Interval Training” (C-HIIT), and (iii) Sedentary condition. Neuroelectric indices will be measures by electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye-tracking, working memory by n-back task and reading comprehension by a reading task. Discussion The main strength of this project is that, to our knowledge, this is the first study analysing the potential association of PA, sedentarism, and physical fitness on brain structure and function, cognitive performance, and academic achievement in a developing country, which presents an important sociocultural gap. For this purpose, this project will use advanced technologies in neuroimaging (MRI), electrophysiology (EEG), and eye-tracking, as well as objective and quality measurements of several physical and cognitive health outcomes. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03894241 Date of register: March 28, 2019. Retrospectively Registered. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12887-019-1639-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Accessible Summary This study looks at the levels of self‐determination of people with intellectual disabilities aged 45 years or more. Self‐determination involves skills to help make things they want happen in their own lives. In people with intellectual disabilities over 45, self‐advocacy and self‐awareness skills could be strengthened. Age, place of residence and support received by people with intellectual disabilities over 45, are some of the things that influence their self‐determination. Abstract BackgroundSelf‐determination is a key construct to guarantee the development of skills that allow people with disabilities to acquire control over their lives. However, people with intellectual disabilities may have premature ageing processes that make it difficult to exercise these skills. This study seeks to determine the self‐determination levels of 516 ageing adults with intellectual disabilities between the ages of 45 and 86 years. MethodThe data were collected with an ad hoc scale developed from the Functional Model of Self‐Determination. FindingsThe results show that competencies related to self‐advocacy and self‐knowledge greatly decreased, unlike making choices and solving problems. In addition, the severity of the disability, age, place of residence and type of support are identified as variables associated with levels of self‐determination. ConclusionsThere is a need to prioritise the acquisition and maintenance of skills related to self‐realisation as the basis for intervention proposals in self‐determination.

Resumen: La escritura para la reflexión pedagógica es una competencia profesional docente que debe ser desarrollada durante la formación inicial para que, posteriormente, pueda ser aplicada en diversos contextos educativos, enriqueciendo así el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje tanto del propio profesor como de los estudiantes con los que este interactúa. El ámbito de formación práctica es un espacio curricular donde esta competencia asume mayor preponderancia, pues el futuro profesor debe transferir diversos conocimientos teóricos hacia el ejercicio de aula. Bajo este contexto, es posible reconocer la producción y circulación de ciertos géneros escritos específicos que dan cuenta de esta competencia. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo principal caracterizar, desde una perspectiva socioretórica, los géneros de reflexión pedagógica que escriben los estudiantes de dos carreras de pedagogía de una universidad chilena durante su formación práctica. Desde un enfoque metodológico cualitativo y con un diseño de Estudios de Casos Múltiples, se aplicaron dos instrumentos de recolección de datos: entrevistas semiestructuradas y focus group a profesores y estudiantes de la carrera de Educación Especial y Educación Parvularia. Entre los principales resultados destacan el reconocimiento de la escritura como un recurso que recoge la reflexión pedagógica de los profesores en formación; la utilización de determinados géneros pedagógicos en cada carrera y además la existencia de una progresión en el uso de estos de acuerdo a la complejidad y avance en el recorrido formativo del Plan de Estudios.

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RESUMEN Esta investigación aborda la reflexión en las prácticas pedagógicas en la formación inicial docente mediante el análisis del Diario del Profesor en Formación. El objetivo es caracterizar la reflexión pedagógica que escriben los estudiantes de primer año en sus diarios, identificando el alcance de este y su función, el tipo de reflexión pedagógica y la naturaleza de ella. El enfoque metodológico proviene desde el Análisis del Discurso, el que permitió establecer categorías a priori sustentadas en la literatura especializada las que luego fueron consolidadas con el análisis de las unidades de significados proveniente de los diarios. Los principales hallazgos revelan nudos críticos en el desarrollo de la escritura para la reflexión pedagógica, entre los que se destaca la orientación fundamentalmente descriptiva y la elaboración de un tipo de reflexión superficial. La naturaleza de la reflexión es diversa, sin embargo, es posible identificar tópicos recurrentes los que presentan ciertos sesgos preliminares respecto de la identidad profesional del docente. Palabras clave: escritura para reflexión pedagógica, diario del profesor, formación práctica.