OBJECTIVES:Advancements in non-small cell lung cancer treatment based on targeted therapies have made the differentiation between adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma increasingly important. Pathologists are challenged to make the correct diagnosis in small specimens. We studied the accuracy of an immunohistochemical panel in subclassifying non-small cell lung cancer in routine small biopsies and compared the results with the diagnosis from resected lung specimens, autopsy samples or biopsied/resected metastases.METHODS:In total, 340 lung cancer biopsies were investigated for the expression of CK5, TTF1, p63 and surfactant.RESULTS:We characterized 166 adenocarcinomas and 124 squamous cell carcinomas. Overall, 85% of cases displayed binary staining (TTF1 positive/p63 negative, and vice versa). The diagnoses of ten cases with a morphology that indicated a specific tumor subtype were changed after immunohistochemistry (IHC). A second specimen was available for 71 patients, and the first diagnosis at biopsy was confirmed in 95% of these cases. Most non-small cell lung cancer cases present a binary immunohistochemical profile in small biopsies, contributing to good diagnostic accuracy with routine markers. In a small proportion of cases, the diagnosis can be changed after IHC even when the morphological aspects indicate one specific tumor subtype.CONCLUSIONS:We recommend that routine small biopsies of lung cancer without classic morphology should be subjected to a minimum immunohistochemical panel to differentiate adenocarcinoma from squamous cell carcinoma.
The antral web is a thin septum with an aperture varying from 2 to 30 mm usually discovered in middle or late life because of associated gastric outlet obstruction or peptic ulcer. It is commonly mistaken for a pyloric obstruction. Since surgical excision of the antral diaphragm can cure patient’s symptoms, a correct diagnosis is important for not delaying treatment. However, the diagnosis is difficult even after adequate investigation with barium upper gastrointestinal x-ray series or endoscopy. Therefore, the present study seek to notify this pathology as a possible cause of gastric outlet obstruction providing an illustrative case report and review the pertinent literature. Case Report: A 56 years old man presented complaint of pyrosis, epigastric fullness after eating and loss of weight for over three years. His past clinical history revealed a perforated peptic ulcer surgery three years ago. Investigation was initially performed with barium upper gastrointestinal x-ray which suggested pyloric stenosis secondary to the previous surgery. Gastric endoscopy identified a mucous tunnel formation with a 10 mm diameter aperture in the pre-pyloric region. The patient was also submitted to a computerized tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis for surgical planning for correction of pyloric stenosis and demonstrated an apparently thickening of the gastric wall and reduction of the diameter of the antropyloric region. The patient was then submitted to lapartomy with resection of the antral web. After 6 months, the patient is asymptomatic.
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