Introducción. La deserción universitaria es un problema de gran interés para diferentes agentes del sistema educativo, pues su ocurrencia en las sociedades es un indicador de ineficiencia, que genera considerables costos para los Estados, las universidades, los estudiantes y sus familias. Objetivo. Examinar los factores que influyen en la decisión de desertar de los estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Medellín (Colombia) para el año 2018. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio con enfoque cuantitativo, a partir de un diseño exploratorio-descriptivo de campo, de carácter transversal, en el que participaron 3026 estudiantes mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario autoadministrado. Resultados. Además de los factores económicos, que tradicionalmente son evaluados en este tipo de literatura, las condiciones sociales, familiares y afectivas se convierten en incidentes clave al momento de abordar la deserción escolar como un fenómeno estructural. Conclusiones. La articulación entre directivos, administrativos docentes y estudiantes se consolida como un elemento clave en los procesos de retención académica, como una estrategia para combatir el fenómeno de deserción universitaria.
University dropout is a problem that has raised great concern in institutions of higher education. For this reason, academic institutions need to study the phenomenon and come up with alternatives that contribute to the improvement of students’ individual commitments. The aim is to examine the dimensions influencing the decision of university students to drop out. A quantitative approach study was carried out, based on a cross-sectional exploratory-descriptive field design, in which 372 students participated. According to the participants, one of the dimensions that influence the decision to leave the university is the support of the institutions to the continuity of the motivation processes to the student body, since the easy access to the credits is greater than the scholarships granted, which coincides with the financing restrictions of university students in developing countries. In conclusion, it is observed that the communication between managers, teachers, and students is a key factor in the processes of academic retention as a strategy to combat the phenomenon of university desertion.
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