Since its formation, the Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) has been subject to a lively debate. While it has been characterized as 'Eurosceptical' in public, the party is more and more accused of promoting conservative and right-wing positions in terms of societal policy and integration as well as showing anti-establishment attitudes. Based on theoretical work on (right-wing) populism, we deduce a measurement concept that is applied to all relevant parties campaigning in the 2013 Bundestag election by using a comprehensive candidate survey. The results suggest that the AfD is indeed a right-wing populist party in comparison to other parties. Moreover, they encourage the application of our measurement approach in a comparative research design.
Many democracies are witnessing the rise and continuing success of parties and politicians who oppose fundamental principles of liberal democracy. Recent research finds that voters support illiberal politicians, because they trade off policy congruence against attitudes toward liberal democracy. Other studies, however, suggest that authoritarian and populist voters might actually have a preference to vote for illiberal candidates. We argue that both factors interact: Authoritarian and populist voters are more willing to trade off policy representation against support for liberal democracy. To test this mechanism, we rely on a survey experiment conducted in Germany. The results clearly demonstrate that voters indeed trade off policy congruence against liberal democracy. Moreover, this effect is particularly strong for populist and authoritarian voters. Overall, the results have important implications for understanding when and which voters support or oppose liberal democracy.
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