In this work we have assessed the decolorization of textile effluents throughout their treatment in a solid-state fermentation (SSF) system. SSF assays were conducted with peach-palm (Bactris gasipaes) residue using the white rot fungus Ganoderma lucidum EF 31. The influence of the dye concentration and of the amounts of peach-palm residue and liquid phase on both the discoloration efficiency and enzyme production was studied. According to our results, independently of experimental conditions employed, laccase was the main ligninolytic enzyme produced by G. lucidum. The highest laccase activity was obtained at very low effluent concentrations, suggesting the existence of an inhibitory effect of higher concentrations on fungal metabolism. The highest percentage of color removal was reached when 10 grams of peach palm residue was moistened with 60 mL of the final effluent. In control tests carried out with the synthetic dye Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) decolorization efficiencies about 20% higher than that achieved with the industrial effluent were achieved. The adsorption of RBBR on peach-palm residue was also investigated. Equilibrium tests showed that the adsorption of this dye followed both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Hence, our experimental results indicate that peach-palm residue is suitable substrate for both laccase production and color removal in industrial effluents.
Filter Backwash Water (FBW) from water treatment plants (WTP) is composed of raw water waste, chemicals and microorganisms. Inappropriate disposal of this residue impacts negatively in the environment and in the health of human populations. Aiming to characterize the FBW from one WTP of Blumenau-SC, physiochemical, microbiological and parasitological assessments and tests with different flocculants polymers were performed in order to propose strategies for treatment and reuse of this residue. Subsequently treated liquid is discharged into the Itajaí-Açu River (Class 2). Physicochemical and microbiological analyses showed results higher than those permitted by CONAMA Resolution n° 430/2011 and Giardia duodenalis (Assembly B) cysts and Cryptosporidium spp. oocyst positivity was observed, characterizing as polluted and contaminated residue that shouldn't be released in the hydric body. The anionic flocculant polymer showed satisfactory results in the turbidity sample reduction (99.49%), which may be a promising alternative in the treatment of this residue.
a b s t r ac tA waste material in the form of discarded solid bleached sulfate (SBS) paperboard coated with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The aim was to investigate its use as an adsorbent for the removal of the reactive dye Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) from aqueous solutions in batch mode. The effects of pH, agitation speed and adsorbent dosage were determined using the response surface methodology. Sorption of RBBR onto SBS paperboard coated with PET was found to be efficient at pH 2. The optimum conditions were adsorbent dose of 4.5 g and agitation speed of 100 rpm. With regard to the kinetics, four different isotherm models were tested and the pseudo-second-order model best described the sorption mechanism (R 2 = 0.999). The equilibrium data were analyzed using Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. The Freundlich adsorption capacity (Q o ) was found to be 1.21 mg g -1 with R 2 = 0.995. Thermodynamic studies showed a negative ΔH° value, indicating that the sorption process is exothermic.
Refrigeration and coating of active biopolymers are two potential approaches to extending the shelf life of fresh fruits. Thus, the aim of this study was to test the influence of storage temperature (5 and 10 °C ± 1 °C) and whey concentration (edible coating), on functional, physical-chemical, and microbiological characteristics of acerola stored for 12 days. Edible coatings were produced using whey (30% and 60%) and glycerol. Samples were compared to a control (no coating), during storage at both temperatures. Storage at 10 °C improved the maintenance of the acerola color, while storage at 5 °C increased the stability of vitamin C and decreased microbial growth (p ≤0.05). The application of edible coating reduced the total color variation and degradation (a*) at both temperatures. The concentration of whey influenced significantly (p≤0.05) on the vitamin C content (A10-60), and on the mesophilic (A5-60 and A10-60) and psychrotrophic bacteria (A10-60) counts.
ABSTRACT. The aim of this interdisciplinary approach is to provide innovative solutions to environmental problems, in particular, improving the treatment of textile industrial effluents and finding a use for the residual biomass generated from palm tree (Bactris gasipaes) extraction. Three types of white-rot fungi were cultivated applying different strategies for the decolorization the textile effluents: i) solid-state fermentation (SSF), ii) submerged fermentation (SF), and iii) adsorption. In all cases, it was used the peach-palm residue. In the SSF strategy, the decolorization process and laccase production were enhanced by increasing the concentration of final effluent. Even though the highest decolorization percentage (80%) was attained after 10 days of fermentation with G. lucidum EF 31 applied in the treatment of a final effluent, no significant differences were found in relation to the other two fungi. The decolorization efficiency obtained in the SF was lower compared with SSF, however, the presence of final effluent in the SF process improved the laccase activity. It was noted that the addition of peach-palm residue in this system provides a habitat for the fungus as well as a suitable source material for laccase production with the consequent decolorization of the effluent.
Keywords: Ganoderma lucidum; Trametes versicolor; Bactris gasipaes; laccases.Estratégias de descoloração de efluentes da indústria têxtil por fungos de podridão branca com resíduo de pupunha RESUMO. O objetivo desta abordagem interdisciplinar é fornecer soluções inovadoras para problemas ambientais, em particular, na melhoria do tratamento de efluentes industriais têxteis e encontrar um uso para a biomassa residual gerada a partir da extração de palmeiras (Bactris gasipaes). Três tipos de fungos de podridão-branca foram cultivados aplicando diferentes estratégias para a descoloração dos efluentes têxteis: i) fermentação em estado sólido (SSF), ii) fermentação submersa (SF), e iii) adsorção. Em todos os casos, foi utilizado o resíduo de pupunha. Na estratégia SSF, o processo de descoloração e a produção de lacase aumentaram conforme a concentração de efluente final aumentava. Embora a maior percentagem de descoloração (80%) tenha sido obtida após 10 dias de fermentação com G. lucidum EF 31 aplicado no tratamento com efluente final, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas em relação aos outros dois fungos. A eficiência de descoloração obtida no SF foi menor em comparação com SSF, no entanto, a presença de efluente final no processo SF aumentou a produção da lacase. Foi observado que a adição do resíduo de pupunha neste sistema serviu como habitat natural para o fungo, além do mais, serviu como material de suporte e fonte adequada para a produção de lacase, como consequência descoloração do efluente.
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