Heart failure (HF) is one of the most complex chronic disorders with high prevalence, mainly due to the ageing population and better treatment of underlying diseases. Prevalence will continue to rise and is estimated to reach 3% of the population in Western countries by 2025. It is the most important cause of hospitalisation in subjects aged 65 years or more, resulting in high costs and major social impact. The current “one-size-fits-all” approach in the treatment of HF does not result in best outcome for all patients. These facts are an imminent threat to good quality management of patients with HF. An unorthodox approach from a new vision on care is required. We propose a novel predictive, preventive and personalised medicine approach where patients are truly leading their management, supported by an easily accessible online application that takes advantage of artificial intelligence. This strategy paper describes the needs in HF care, the needed paradigm shift and the elements that are required to achieve this shift. Through the inspiring collaboration of clinical and high-tech partners from North-West Europe combining state of the art HF care, artificial intelligence, serious gaming and patient coaching, a virtual doctor is being created. The results are expected to advance and personalise self-care, where standard care tasks are performed by the patients themselves, in principle without involvement of healthcare professionals, the latter being able to focus on complex conditions. This new vision on care will significantly reduce costs per patient while improving outcomes to enable long-term sustainability of top-level HF care.

Several complementary electrochemical techniques have been used in order to clear up the mechanism of the electrochemical reduction of acrylonitrile (AN) on nickel. According to Lecayon et al., the electropolymerization of AN occurs in acetonitrile in the presence of tetraethylammonium perchlorate in such a way that polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is “grafted” onto the cathode. This electrochemical reaction has been reinvestigated both in acetonitrile, a nonsolvent of PAN, and in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), a good solvent for the polymer. The key role of the reduction potential on the electrografting reaction has been emphasized. The two electrochemical phenomena previously reported by Lecayon et al. have indeed been confirmed, but now it is clear that the “electrografting” of PAN selectively occurs at the less cathodic potential. At this potential, a PAN film is formed by a radical process and firmly secured onto the electrode, even in DMF. If the cathodic potential is further increased, the PAN film is easily removed from the metal and dissolves quickly in DMF. The transfer of one electron from the metal to the monomer occurs when the reduction is carried out at the more cathodic potential. A nonadherent PAN film is then formed onto Ni in acetonitrile, although the AN polymerization occurs in solution when acetonitrile is replaced by DMF. The AN polymerization is then consistent with an anionic process.

The possibility of grafting a series of alkyl polyacrylates and trimethylsilyloxyethyl methacrylate)] to be electrografted onto Ni. This observation is consistent with a competition polymethacrylates onto a nickel cathode by electropolymerization of the parent monomers has been investigated process between the monomer and the solvent for being adsorbed on the cathode and amassing in its very close and has emphasized the critical importance of the solvent used. Indeed, the intensity of the inhibition peak, which is vicinity. The outcome of this competition is controlled by the relative polarity (in case of low donicity) and the relative the electrochemical mark of the cathode passivation as result of the polymer grafting, clearly depends on both the polarity donor-acceptor properties (when the difference is high enough) of the monomer/solvent pair, and by the monomer and the donor-acceptor properties of the solvent. The Gutmann concept is used to account for these experimental concentration (in case of weak competition). A semiquantitative relationship has also been observed between results. An increase in the donicity of the solvent used for the electrochemical medium has allowed, for the very first time, the monomer ability to be electrografted and the electronaccepting character of the vinyl β-carbon atom as measured several polyacrylates and polymethacrylates [such as poly(ethyl acrylate), poly(methyl methacrylate), and poly(2-by 13 C NMR.

Polymers have been widely used for the protection of metals against corrosion and for improving the performance of structural adhesive joints. In this contribution, the weakness and short‐term durability of these polymer−metal interactions and some common approaches for alleviating this problem are briefly reviewed. Among the existing techniques, electrochemical processes offer the advantage of controlled interfacial reactions. Promising results have been reported by Stratmann et al. and Lécayon et al., who have emphasized the interest and opportunity to create strong chemical bonds between the organic coating and the metallic substrate. Their work is discussed in this review, along with results recently obtained in our group.

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