Hepatocellular carcinoma usually metastasizes to regional lymph nodes, lung, and bones but can rarely invade the inferior vena cava with intravascular extension to the right atrium. We present the case of a 75-year-old man who was admitted for generalized oedema and was found to have advanced HCC with invasion of the inferior vena cava and endovascular extension to the right atrium. In contrast to the great majority of hepatocellular carcinoma, which usually develops on the basis of liver cirrhosis due to identifiable risk factors, none of those factors were present in our patient.
A sensor system using ultra-wideband frequency technology and passive surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors/tags has been demonstrated experimentally. The system operates with a frequency bandwidth of 500 MHz, which results in compressed RF pulses of about 2 ns duration, including just a few sinusoids with amplitude modulation. A correlation method is developed to measure the delay between two echoes with high resolution, avoiding the phase ambiguity problem. For temperature, deformation or other measurand a simple structure including only two reflectors is sufficient. This method is used in a system which simultaneously remotely measures a few temperature sensors with a resolution of 0.1°C. The operation of the system in a strongly reflecting environment (inside a metal box) is demonstrated.Introduction: Truly passive surface acoustic wave (SAW) tags and sensors have undeniable advantages, such as the ability to operate at high temperature, long reading distance etc.[1] and now they begin to occupy a corresponding niche market. Usually, such sensors operate in a relatively narrow 80 MHz wide ISM band centred at 2.42 GHz. The used bandwidth determines the minimal pulse duration and imposes a compromise between device size and the volume of codes it can carry. The possibility to use the wider band can significantly advance device performance, which we demonstrate in this Letter. For passive SAW tags and sensors, the ultra-wideband (UWB) frequency range 2.0-2.5 GHz is attractive for many reasons:
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