Most of work stressors considered are associated with psychiatric symptoms. Prevention should target the most frequent stressors with high association to symptoms. Complaints of police officers about stressors should receive proper consideration by the management of public administration. Such complaints might be the expression of psychiatric caseness requiring medical assistance. Particular attention should be given to police officers complaining about many stressors identified in this study's multiple model.

Stage fright was experienced as a problem and perceived as having negative career consequences by a considerable percentage of the surveyed students. In addition to a desire for more help and support, the students expressed an openness and willingness to seriously discuss and address the topic of stage fright. This provides a necessary and promising basis for optimal career preparation and, hence, an opportunity to prevent occupational problems in professional musicians.

Objectives and Methods: Self-report studies have shown an association between music performance anxiety (MPA) and hyperventilation complaints. However, hyperventilation was never assessed physiologically in MPA. This study investigated (a) the self-reported affective experience, self-reported physiological symptoms, and cardio-respiratory variables including end-tidal pCO2 (PetCO2), which is an indicator for hyperventilation, in 67 university music students before a private and a public performance. The response coherence between these response domains was also investigated. Results: From the private to the public session, the intensity of all self-report variables increased (all ps<.001). As predicted, the higher the usual MPA level of the musician, the larger were these increases (all ps<.10). The main cardio-respiratory variables except PetCO2 also increased from the private to the public session (all ps<.05), but these increases were not modulated by the usual MPA level (all ps>.10). PetCO2 showed a unique response pattern as reflected by an interaction between usual MPA level and session (p<.01): it increased from the private to the public session for musicians with low MPA levels and decreased for musicians with high MPA levels. Self-reported physiological symptoms were related to the self-reported affective experience (all ps<.05) rather than to the physiological measures (all ps>.17).Conclusions: The present findings show for the first time how respiration is stimulated before a public performance in music students with different levels of MPA. The hypothesis of a hyperventilation tendency in high performance-anxious musicians is supported. The response coherence between physiological symptoms and physiological activation is weak. Powered by Editorial Manager® and Preprint Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation Conflict of interest:The authors have no actual or potential conflict of interest, including any financial, personal or other relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence this manuscript.Manuscript for publisher Click here to download Editorial Office Use Only --Manuscript: 11-198 for publisher.doc 1 Abstract:Objectives and Methods: Self-report studies have shown an association between music performance anxiety (MPA) and hyperventilation complaints. However, hyperventilation was never assessed physiologically in MPA. This study investigated (a) the self-reported affective experience, self-reported physiological symptoms, and cardio-respiratory variables including end-tidal pCO 2 (P et CO 2 ), which is an indicator for hyperventilation, in 67 university music students before a private and a public performance. The response coherence between these response domains was also investigated. Results:From the private to the public session, the intensity of all self-report variables increased (all ps<.001). As predicted, the higher the usual MPA level of the musician, the larger were these increases (all ps<.10). With the exception of PetCO2, the main ca...