One of the micro and small enterprises' (MSEs) main problem is business capital. Cash flow shortage often interrupts business development. This difficulty is due to the limited ability in meeting the requirements to access sources of capital. The development of micro and small enterprises using the culture of the local community is a way to overcome this issue. Asians generally have the perception of Gotong Royong (which means 'mutual aid' in English) as a form of collectivism. This study comes from the gap whether Gotong Royong serves as social capital to overcome the difficulties of micro and small enterprises’ capital. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find out the perception of owners of MSEs toward the application of Gotong Royong culture, which suggests how to overcome the business capital difficulties in reality. The qualitative method was applied to investigate the informants with triangulation process to validate the result accuracy. The results of this study show that MSEs owners build their businesses with the family culture, which upholds a Gotong Royong character. Small: based on the field data processing, the second result reveals that the social capital of the community in the form of Gotong Royong culture could overcome capital constraints in micro and small enterprises. Similarly, the Gotong Royong culture applied in business could reduce the capital requirement that should be prepared by micro and small entrepreneurs. The contribution of this research is for business owners so that they do not lose the character of mutual cooperation and to provide input for the government to support family businesses that still rely on these characters by giving light funding assistance. However, this research must be developed further in a broader business scale with different informant profiles so that the results will be more comprehensive.
The millennial generation has an important role in actualizing environmentally friendly residence. Referring to the behavioural theory, a consumer’s Perceived Behavioural Control (PBC) is one of purchase intention antecedents. Studies revealing the millennials’ control behaviour on purchasing an eco-friendly house, especially in Indonesia, are still limited. Moreover, environmentally friendly housing is still new to prospective house buyers in Indonesia; so, how to control their behaviour toward purchasing behaviour or willingness to pay has not been clearly known. Therefore, this study is conducted to explore the millennial generation’s PBC on an eco-friendly house purchase intention. This is a qualitative research with a phenomenological approach focusing on observing the perceived behavioural control phenomenon of prospective house buyers. The data was collected through a semi-structured in-depth interview with nine prospective house buyers in Surabaya, East Java. This research found that the themes of millennial house buyers perceived behavioural control toward an eco-friendly house purchase intention were ‘perceived difficulty’ and ‘perceived benefit’. The finding implies that housing developers and government should provide convenience to develop eco-friendly houses and be consistent to complete the buildings with facilities; the facilities will especially support the millennial costumers’ sustainable living and the sustainable development in Indonesia.
Practically, as other construction projects, the workforce in housing construction projects is still dominated by informal workers who belong to a group and controlled by a leader. Accordingly, developer companies consider that informal worker leaders play an important role in improving the informal workers’ performance in housing construction projects. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the effective leadership style that can improve the performance of informal workers in housing construction projects based on the workers’ perceptions. The implications of this research can be used to improve the informal workers’ performance both of national and multinational developer companies so they can perform more effectively in completing housing construction projects. The research used qualitative method with phenomenological approach to reveal an assessment based on perceptions and perspectives of informal construction workers. Finally, it was found that the effective leadership style according to the informal workers’ perceptions is the transactional leadership which includes being liked by the workers, concerning and appreciating, as well as being consistent with commitments. Thus, effective performance and leadership will be achieved as informal construction workers will work hard under this leadership style.
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