The article is devoted to the improvement of hydraulic efficiency and exploitation reliability by improving the hydraulic parameters of soil irrigation channels, and given the results of the authors’ research in theoretical and natural conditions. The article illustrates the analyses of the current problems in the existing soil canals and their negative consequences due to the deformation processes in the channel bed and consequently the increase in flow dynamics and kinematics of hydraulic resistance. Based on the analysis of the results which conducted by Altunin V.S. Zheleznyakov G.V. Karasev I.F. Kosichenko Yu.M. and Mirtshulava Ts.E. in the assessment of hydraulic efficiency and exploitation reliability of the channels, the hydraulic efficiency and operational reliability of the canals have been evaluated. Researchers conducted in Tashkent and Big Fergana canals, which are located in different natural and geographical conditions. The study of deformation processes in soil channel bed provided with the help of XSLEM-Doppler (River Surveyor Live), the formation of flow dynamics and kinematics, and the activation of hydraulic resistance. Based on the study of the kinematic parameters of flow created a velocity diagram expressing the distribution of velocities by the depth of flow in the soil channel in natural conditions. The hydraulic friction coefficients for the Tashkent and Big Fergana canals were determined using the kinematic parameters obtained with the help of River Surveyor Live in natural field conditions, as well as the water permeability of the canals was assessed. Also, the speed diagram, which is one of the most serious problems of hydrodynamics, was built based on data obtained with the help of modern measuring instruments. Also, the study of the formation of kinematic and dynamic parameters in soil-based irrigation canals and the improvement of hydraulic parameters of irrigation canals based on conditions of hydraulic efficiency and operational reliability were concluded. The results of the study are important in the effective use of soil irrigation canals, increasing the reliability of water supply to consumers.
Today, as a result of deformation and filtration in the channel, the hydraulic efficiency and operational reliability of irrigation networks in our Republic is decreasing, as a result, the efficiency of irrigation networks is 0.63 percent. In order to provide agricultural producers with the required amount of water on time, systematic work is being carried out to increase the efficiency of irrigation networks on the basis of several state programs. Concreting the channel can be an effective solution to these problems, but the economic costs involved are causing delays in the implementation of the works. When reconstructing irrigation canals, choosing a concreting scheme taking into account the deformation and type of filtration can be a solution to the problem. Under conditions of limited filtration, concreting both sides of canal leads to economic and hydraulic efficiency. However, there is a problem to connect the roughness coefficients of natural soil and concrete in the hydraulic calculation of canals. The article presents result of the research conducted in the 4th section of the Big Fergana Canal, according to the results, n=0.0195 in the two-sided concreted (PK-2010+85) part, and n=0.022 in the earthen part (PK-2020+85). When the channel was modeled in HEC-RAS 5.0.1 based on the hydraulic elements of the channel in PK-2010+85, the roughness coefficient of the canal was n=0.0199.
Drip irrigation systems are widely used worldwide to satisfy the water demand of agricultural crops. It is known that drip irrigation technology has a number of other advantages, such as intensive irrigation, automation, and water economical benefits. The methods which is available in hydraulics are widely used in the calculation of drip irrigation design. One of the most important issues in the drip irrigation system is the correct estimation of the discharge coming out of the drippers. As known from hydraulic calculations, it is necessary to take into account the pressure when determining the discharge coming out of the emitters. It should also be noted that discharge from emitters has a special effect on pressure losses in drip irrigation systems. The article presents the results of the research conducted in natural field conditions on the assessment of hydraulic processes in drip irrigation systems. As an object of research, the cultivated field of the “Sharifjan oglu Akhmadjon” farm in Rishton district, Fergana region was selected. The results of measurement work at 36 points of the research object are highlighted. As a result of the conducted research, recommendations for determining discharge in irrigation pipes were developed.
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