Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) is a heterogeneous disease with a poor prognosis. Individualized survival prediction tool is useful for this population. We constructed the predicted nomograms for breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival (OS) using the data identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The Concordance index (C-index), the area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and the calibration curves were used for the discrimination and calibration of the nomograms in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. 1962 mTNBC patients with a median follow-up was 13 months (interquartile range, 6–22 months), 1639 (83.54%) cases died of any cause, and 1469 (74.87%) died of breast cancer. Nine and ten independent prognostic factors for BCSS and OS were identified and integrated to construct the nomograms, respectively. The C-indexes of the nomogram for BCSS and OS were 0.694 (95% CI 0.676–0.712) and 0.699 (95% CI 0.679–0.715) in the training cohort, and 0.699 (95% CI 0.686–0.712) and 0.697 (95% CI 0.679–0.715) in the validation cohort, respectively. The AUC values of the nomograms to predict 1-, 2-, and 3-year BCSS and OS indicated good specificity and sensitivity in internal and external validation. The calibration curves showed a favorable consistency between the actual and the predicted survival in the training and validation cohorts. These nomograms based on clinicopathological factors and treatment could reliably predict the survival of mTNBC patient. This may be a useful tool for individualized healthcare decision-making.
Background
Nodular goiter is a common benign tumor in clinical practice, it refers to a simple diffuse goiter due to repeated progression, causing follicular epithelium to diffuse into focal hyperplasia and degeneration in parts. Finally, because of long-term hyperplastic lesions and degenerative diseases, alternately repeatedly gland nodules in different stages of development, which is essentially a benign lesion and there are few reports confirming metastasis.
Case presentation:
The patient was a 26-year-old female with a history of right lobe subtotal thyroidectomy for thyroid nodules one year prior. Postoperative pathological examination revealed a nodular goiter with cystic changes in the "right lobe thyroid tumor". This time, she was admitted to the hospital because of the discovery of bilateral neck mass for one month. Physical examination: multiple protruding masses were seen in the neck, and the largest mass was located on the right side of the neck with a length of about 2 cm. Ultrasound showed multiple isoechoic nodules were found bilaterally in the neck, most of which were located in the sternocleidomastoid muscle. CT scan of the neck showed multiple nodules below the right lobe of the thyroid and in the front of the neck, and thyroid implantation lesions were considered. During the last operation, it was confirmed that the mass was scattered and mostly not in the area of the previous operation, and the pathological diagnosis was consistent with nodular goiter.It is thought to be caused by distant metastasis of a benign tumour and this is a very rare case.
Conclusions
This case report suggests that nodular goiter, as a benign lesion, may also present with implantation or metastasis, which should be considered in clinical practice, Surgeons need to prevent nodular goiter implantation during surgery.
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