By employing a conjugated amine-functionalized dicarboxylic ligand (HL = 2,2'-diamino-4,4'-stilbenedicarboxylic acid, HSDCA-NH), we have successfully synthesized and characterized a porous and visible light responsive zirconium metal-organic framework ([ZrO(OH)(L)]·8DMF, denoted as Zr-SDCA-NH). This Zr-MOF showed good chemical stability and broad visible light absorption with an absorption edge at about 600 nm. When used as a photocatalyst, Zr-SDCA-NH exhibits visible-light activity for CO reduction with a formate formation rate of 96.2 μmol h mmol, which is higher than the series of reported amine-functionalized Zr-MOFs. Mott-Schottky measurements, photoluminescence study and photocatalytic experiments demonstrated that the Zr oxo cluster through the LMCT process and the organic ligand both contributed to the CO photoreduction. This study indicates that the combination of amino groups and highly conjugated molecules is a feasible and simple strategy to extend light absorption of the organic ligand, which is beneficial for designing a visible light responsive MOF photocatalyst.

A critical component of decision making is determining when to commit to a choice. This involves stopping rules that specify the requirements for decision commitment. Flexibility of decision stopping rules provides an important means of control over decision-making processes. In many situations, these stopping rules establish a balance between premature decisions and late decisions. In this study we use a novel change detection paradigm to examine how subjects control this balance when invoking different decision stopping rules. The task design allows us to estimate the temporal weighting of sensory information for the decisions, and we find that different stopping rules did not result in systematic differences in that weighting. We also find bidirectional post-error alterations of decision strategy that depend on the type of error and effectively reduce the probability of making consecutive mistakes of the same type. This is a generalization to change detection tasks of the widespread observation of unidirectional post-error slowing in forced-choice tasks. On the basis of these results, we suggest change detection tasks as a promising paradigm to study the neural mechanisms that support flexible control of decision rules. Flexible decision stopping rules confer control over decision processes. Using an auditory change detection task, we found that alterations of decision stopping rules did not result in systematic changes in the temporal weighting of sensory information. We also found that post-error alterations of decision stopping rules depended on the type of mistake subjects make. These results provide guidance for understanding the neural mechanisms that control decision stopping rules, one of the critical components of decision making and behavioral flexibility.

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Photocatalytic CO2 reaction is considered to be an effective way to reduce greenhouse gas emission. Herein, a novel and efficient 2D/2D black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNS)-Bi2MoO6 photocatalyst was synthesized and used for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Compared with Bi2MoO6, the photocatalytic activity of BPNS-Bi2MoO6 composite photocatalyst was significantly improved. When the mass ratio of BPNS to Bi2MoO6 was 1:100, the BPNS-Bi2MoO6 photocatalyst exhibited the optimal activity for photocatalytic CO2 reduction, and the production of CO reached 72.8 μmol·g-1 after reaction for 4 h, which was 1.5 times than that of Bi2MoO6. Moreover, the BPNS-Bi2MoO6 showed high stability for photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction, after reaction for four cycle experiments, the production of CO only reduced by 10%. The enhanced light absortion, enhanced separation of electrons and holes, and the tight 2D/2D heterojunction formed between BPNS and Bi2MoO6 account for the high photocatalytic performance of BPNS/Bi2MoO6.

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