Background Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) is emerging as a practical, cost-effective, and valid alternative to fluorescent in situ hybridization in testing for gene alteration, especially in centers primarily working with immunohistochemistry (IHC).
SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 643 million individuals worldwide and accounts for close to 64,950 deaths in the Philippines. Due to COVID-19's clinical overlap with other diseases and non-specific radiologic findings, its diagnosis rests primarily on laboratory methods, including reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and multiplexed molecular platforms for rapid syndromic testing. Compared to RT-PCR which has a turnaround time of 24 to 72 hours, multiplexed molecular platforms can provide alternative diagnoses to COVID-19 in an average of one hour, providing meaningful data that can impact clinical and resource management when handling acute surge of patients with respiratory symptoms.
Multiple primary malignancies are defined as two or three malignant neoplasms arising in different organ systems. Several cases of multiple primary malignancies are emerging in recent years due to the advancement in medical therapy and diagnostics. Multiple primary malignancies are not uncommon occurring at 0.7-16% of cancer patients, however, reported cases of multiple primary sarcomas are sparse. Presented in this report is a pediatric patient diagnosed with primary metachronous cerebral rhabdomyosarcoma after being treated for primitive neuroectodermal tumor/Ewing’s sarcoma of the oral cavity. Despite limited cases addressing multiple primary sarcomas, this entity must not be overlooked as it is associated with a meager outcome compared to an index case of sarcoma alone.
Background: RET rearrangements, including inversions into Chr 10 or translocations with other Chrs involving different gene partners, have been reported in some tumors comprising 30% of papillary thyroid carcinomas and 1% to 2% of NSCLC. In these tumors, RET gene fusion product provides a constitutively active TKR, leading to uncontrolled cellular proliferation, differentiation, and migration. The aim of this study is to examine the positive rate of RET rearrangement in primary and metastatic NSCLC, and to investigate their relationships. Methods: From January 2013 to May 2015, 384 cases of primary NSCLC consisting of 246 cases of matched metastatic tumors and 47 cases of normal lung specimens as the control group were collected in multicenter. The positive rate of RET rearrangement among NSCLC population was figured out, thus the consistency of RET rearrangement in advanced primary NSCLC and associated metastases and the relationship between RET rearrangement and clinical data was analyzed. Results: The positive rate of RET rearrangement on primary tumor was 1.82% (7/384). For those 246 paired cases, the positive rate on primary tumor was 1.22% (3/246), with that of metastases 0.81% (2/246). Among the 246 cases, there was no case whose metastases was positive but primary tumors negative and 1 case whose primary tumor were positive but metastases were negative. Positive rate of RET rearrangement was higher in the primary lesions than metastases. It was of statistical significance between the two groups (v 2 ¼ 91.117, P < 0.001). The positive rate of primary tumors could be predicted by metastases (j ¼ 0.798, P < 0.001). The sensitivity was 66.67% (2/3) and the specificity was 100% (243/243). Conclusions: The metastases of NSCLC can predict RET rearrangement of the primary lesions. It can be used as alternative means for metastases to detect RET rearrangement which are not readily available. Legal entity responsible for the study: Wen-xian Wang.
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