Two different immunosensors, recently developed for the determination of antibacterial proteins (lactoferrin and immunoglobulin G) in buffalo milk and in other commercial animal milks samples, were used in the present study. The aim was to propose these immunosensor methods for routine control of important diet products, such as cow and goat milks, and in particular buffalo milk. To this end we employed two different kinds of immunosensors: one for the analysis of immunoglobulin G (IgG), the other was a new amperometric immunosensor for lactoferrin analysis. Lactoferrin and IgG immunosensors were also used for the determination of lactoferrin and immunoglobulin G in buffalo milk on different days of lactation.

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In this work, we determined the tolerance to sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) of Azolla filiculoides and of Lemna minor. The presence of the detergent in the media affected growth more than the chlorophyll content. On the basis of the effect indices, Lemna is more tolerant to SDS than Azolla. The fern had a better capacity, compared with duckweed, to remove and accumulate the pollutant.Abbreviations: SDS, sodium dodecyl sulphate; SE, standard error; EI, effect index; TI, tolerance index; EC 50 , half maximal effective concentration

A probe for a screening evaluation test of quality and safety of foods based on four different amperometric biosensors all having Clark's electrode as transducer and different biological systems as components is described. Specifically three amperometric biosensors (tyrosinase, cyclooxygenase and superoxide dismutase biosensor) and a respirometric test are the components of the probe. For each proposed sensor robustness and LODs were evaluated. The latter ones for each analyte are compared with Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) admitted in foods according to EEC Norm. Lastly, two different simple extraction procedures of the analytes to be detected from the food matrix have been planned and set up, in any case obtaining more than 70% extracted.