Introduction: According to data provided by the World Health Organization (WHO), 5,941,223 confirmed cases and 366,601 deaths had already been reported by May 31, 2020. Higher rates of infection, hospitalization, submission to the Intensive Care Units, and fatalities were attributed to obese patients. Objective: To gather the available data on obesity and SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study specifically covers combined pathophysiology and prognosis and will be updated until September 2020. Methods: This is a literature review study with a narrative-descriptive approach. The search was carried out in September 2020, with the totality of articles from that same year, when the pandemic of the new coronavirus was declared by the World Health Organization. Results: The search on the data platform resulted in 121 articles, of which 86 were classified as reviews and 35, systematic reviews, totaling 18 reviews and 7 systematic reviews at the end, with a total value of 16 articles with sufficient quality. Obesity is associated with increased severity of COVID-19 in the infected individual with this disease, due to the chronic inflammatory process, with high levels of pro-inflammatory leptin and a lower concentration of anti-inflammatory adiponectin, which causes a response delayed and inferior immune system. Conclusion: Individuals with this association have an easier time in the formation of possible clots, due to chronic inflammation and impaired fibrinolysis, which qualifies them as individuals of significant thrombogenic risk. Thus, individuals with obesity are an important risk group when considering its association with the disease of the new coronavirus.
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Introduction: In the aneurysm disease, children aneurysms do not represent a majority of the diagnosis. Associated conditions should be monitored, including aortic coarctation, polycystic kidney disease, fibromuscular dysplasia, tuberous sclerosis, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and Marfan syndrome. They can present as congenital, infectious, or traumatic. Case report: We describe a series of five cases of aneurysms in patients ranging from 15 to 17 years of age whose aneurysms were found on examination. In most cases, patients were asymptomatic and did not have predisposing syndromes. Surgery was the treatment of choice in all cases. No patient had a recurrence in the following years of radiographic follow-up. Methodology: This is a literature review and case series analysis with a narrative-descriptive approach. The database for the search was PubMed®, which were used to search for articles with the subject descriptors brain, aneurysms, pediatric and child. Between the descriptors, the boolean operator and was used. Discussion: Aneurysms can be classified by their size and morphology, as well as having a predilection for anterior circulation. The most common symptom observed in our pediatric series of 5 patients was migraine or chronic headache (60%), followed by asymptomatic patients (40%). Three of five patients (60%) in this study were previously hypertensive without other comorbidity, while 40% of the cases were totally healthy. Conclusion: Pediatric intracranial aneurysms are relatively rare diseases, corresponding to 1.6 to 7% of intracranial aneurysms across all age groups. They require accurate and detailed diagnosis, which need to be assessed and managed in a multidisciplinary team.
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