The goal of the present study was the evaluation of the fatty acid (FA) profile of lipid fraction from dry common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (CBO) harvested from North-East (NE) and South-West (SW) of Romania and to protect against thermal and oxidative degradation of the contained omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) glycerides by β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) nanoencapsulation, using kneading method. The most abundant FAs in the CBO samples were PUFAs, according to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Linoleic acid (methyl ester) was the main constituent, having relative concentrations of 43.4 (±1.95) % and 35.23 (±0.68) % for the lipid fractions separated from the common beans harvested from the NE and SW of Romania, respectively. Higher relative concentrations were obtained for the omega-3 α-linolenic acid methyl ester at values of 13.13 (±0.59) % and 15.72 (±0.30) % for NE and SW Romanian samples, respectively. The omega-3/omega-6 ratio consistently exceeds the lower limit value of 0.2, from where the PUFA glyceride mixture is valuable for the human health. This value was 0.32 (±0.02) for the NE samples and significantly higher for the CBO-SW samples, 0.51 (±0.01). These highly hydrophobic mixtures especially consisting of PUFA triglycerides provide β-CD complexes having higher thermal and oxidative stability. Kneading method allowed obtaining β-CD/CBO powder-like complexes with higher recovery yields of >70%. Thermal analyses of complexes revealed a lower content of hydration water (3.3–5.8% up to 110°C in thermogravimetry (TG) analysis and 154–347 J/g endothermal effect in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis) in comparison with the β-CD hydrate (12.1% and 479.5–480 J/g, respectively). These findings support the molecular inclusion process of FA moieties into the β-CD cavity. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) analysis reveals the formation of the β-CD/CBO inclusion complexes by restricting the vibration and bending of some bonds from the host and guest molecules. Moreover, powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD) analysis confirm the formation of the host-guest complexes by modifying the diffractograms for β-CD/CBO complexes in comparison with the β-CD and β-CD + CBO physical mixtures. A significant reduction of the level of crystallinity from 93.3 (±5.3) % for β-CD to 60–60.9% for the corresponding β-CD/CBO complexes have been determined. The encapsulation efficiency (EE), the profile of FAs, as well as the controlled release of the encapsulated oil have also been evaluated. The EE was >40% in all cases, the highest value being obtained for β-CD/CBO-SW complex. The SFA content increased, while the unsaturated FA glycerides had lower relative concentrations in the encapsulated CBO samples. It can be emphasized that the main omega-3 FA (namely α-linolenic acid glycerides) had close concentrations in the encapsulated and raw CBOs (13.13 (±0.59) % and 14.04 (±1.54) % for non-encapsulated and encapsulated CBO-NE samples, 15.72 (±0...
(1) Background: The water content and the way of bonding in the food matrices, including bread, can be easily and simply evaluated by Karl Fischer titration (KFT). The goal was to identify the main KFT parameters that influence the similarity/dissimilarity of commercial bread products, using multivariate statistical analysis. (2) Methods: Various commercial bread samples were analyzed by volumetric KFT and the water content, parameters from titration process and KFT kinetics were used as input for principal component analysis (PCA). (3) Results: The KFT water content was in the range of 35.1–44.2% for core samples and 19.4–22.9% for shell samples. The storage and transportation conditions consistently influence the water content of bread. The type of water molecules can be evaluated by means of KFT water reaction rates. The mean water reaction rates up to 2 min are consistently higher for bread core samples, which indicates a high fraction of “surface” water. PCA reveals the similarity of core samples and various bread types, as well as dissimilarity between bread parts, mainly based on KFT kinetic parameters. (4) Conclusions: KFT kinetics can be a useful tool for a rapid and simple differentiations between various types of bread products.
Over the past years, the Romanian rural sector has been facing a number of issues such asa decrease in the number of livestock, the loss of their genetic potential, the destruction of the majority of zootechnical production areasand animal production. The data obtained and processed in the 1991-2017 period involve the following animals:cattle, pigs, sheep, goats and adults laying poultry. With the exception of goats, all the other categories exhibited a drastic decrease in herds, especially cattle and pigs. The results obtained are a consequence of the unsound management in most of the local, regional and central rural administrative structures, agricultural holdings and agricultural companies. Moreover, the value of food imports, especially of meat products, has increased, especially in the last years of the studied period, and is most likely to continue to increase due to the swine flu in Romania in 2018.
<p>The theme of this work is a study on the conduct and topics of IT&C courses and laboratories in terms of those who listen, namely the students. As described in the paper, teacher-student working mode differs from university education to pre-university education. Therefore, it should be permanently reviewed, modified and enlarged the presentation method and the contents of disciplines. The study looked primarily how students would like to proceed a course or laboratory work. For this reason the questionnaire was anonymous and it was specified not to give details about the teachers, but only of the content and presentation. The students were selected from those who have attended the majority or even all hours and each had to express their views about the taught content subject, how to teach and how they would like to show those hours. After completion of the answers, each questionnaire was sent to a colleague, who expressed his opinion about the written and passed it on to another colleague. In this way, each came to express their opinion about each. The results showed clearly that essential change, or rather the requirement of all is geared to practical part of the discipline. The theoretical part is often regarded as a "necessary evil" because, often, to master the practice, we still need theoretical concepts. Also the offer of materials in electronic format (directly or through electronic platform) is welcomed as an aid for those who have other activities and may not participate to all exposures.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: students requirements, practical studies, labor market integration</p>
<p>This paper presents the theoretical and practical implications of school - community partnership in community development of Romanian rural environment by conducting a content analysis of the addressed topic. In most Western countries, the trend of opening the school to the community is obvious. Because the resources for education are falling, the partnership can be an effective tool for better management of local resources, a way of attracting new resources for school, and harnessing the school resource in benefit of the community. Also, to ensure good quality education is necessary for every school to achieve a genuine partnership with its community. Under this partnership it is natural to find their place all social categories and all interested institutions in the development of education: human resources of the education system, students enrolled in schools, students families, government institutions and NGOs. In rural areas, the school is the most powerful institution, vital for community development. The school must be open to the needs of the rural community to identify those areas where it can develop community partnerships: alternative leisure activities for children and youth, activities of road education, health, helping the elderly and poor families, involvement in humanitarian campaigns, etc. The role of the school, parents and local authorities is very great, and the development of an active partnership between these participants in Romanian rural areas would reduce school dropout and integrate children with special educational needs. Schools that have developed genuine partnerships within the local school shows that the benefits are significant.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: school-community partnership, dropout, integration, community development</p>
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