Abundance of antimony in the earth's upper crust is near 0.2 ppm, with an annual production nearly two hundred thousand tons, and 99.65% ingot price below US$15/kg, thus making antimony-based semiconductor compounds attractive for solar cells. The optical band gap (Eg) 1.5-1.8 eV of antimony sulfide qualifies it as a solar cell absorber, particularly in view of the solid solutions Sb2Se3-xSe with Eg 1-1.8 eV. We report here chemical deposition Sb2S3 of 300 nm in thickness using two methods. When used in CdS/Sb2S3/C-Ag cells prepared by either method, Voc is up to 640 mV and Jsc, 2-5 mA/cm2 and efficiency, η is 0.5-1% under 1000 W/m2 AM 1.5 G sunlight. Under concentrated sunlight, Jsc increases proportionately and Voc, logarithmically. Addition of a 400 nm of PbS thin film: CdS/Sb2S3/PbS/C-Ag improves Voc, but cell efficiency is 1%.
The production of biofuels has had a great impact on climate change and the reduction of the use of fossil fuels. There are different technologies used for the separation and production of biofuels, which allow having compounds such as ethanol, methane, oxygen, and hydrogen, one of these promising technologies is the Pressure Swing Adsorption process (PSA). The objectives of this article focus on the production and purification of compounds that achieve purities of 99.5% bioethanol, 94.85% biohydrogen, 95.00% medical oxygen, and 99.99% biomethane through the PSA process; also, a significant review is contemplated to identify the different natural and synthetic adsorbents that have greater adsorption capacity, the different configurations in which a PSA operates are studied and identified, and the different mathematical models that describe the dynamic behavior of all the variables are established that interact in this PSA process, parametric studies are carried out in order to identify the variables that have the greatest effect on the purity obtained. The results obtained in this review allow facilitating the calculation of parameters, the optimization of the process, the automatic control to manipulate certain variables and to achieve the rejection of disturbances to have a recovery and production of biofuels with a high degree of purity.
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