Experimental thermochemical properties of benzene, toluene, and 63 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, published within the period 1878-2008 ͑over 350 references͒, are reported. Available experimental data for the enthalpies of combustion used to calculate enthalpies of formation in the condensed state, combined with sublimation, vaporization, and fusion enthalpies, are critically evaluated. Whenever possible, recommended values for these thermochemical properties and for the enthalpies of formation in the gas state at T = 298.15 K are provided.

Dibenzo-7-phosphanorbornadiene compounds, RPA (A = CH or anthracene), are investigated as phosphinidene sources upon thermally induced (70-90 °C) anthracene elimination. Analysis of substituent effects reveals that π-donating dialkylamide groups are paramount to successful phosphinidene transfer; poorer π-donors give reduced or no transfer. Substituent steric bulk is also implicated in successful transfer. Molecular beam mass spectrometry (MBMS) studies of each derivative reveal dialkylamide derivatives to be promising precursors for further gas-phase spectroscopic studies of phosphinidenes; in particular, we present evidence of direct detection of the dimethylamide derivative, [MeN═P]. Kinetic investigations of PrNPA thermolysis in 1,3-cyclohexadiene and/or benzene-d are consistent with a model of unimolecular fragmentation to yield free phosphinidene [PrN═P] as a transient reactive intermediate. This conclusion is probed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which favored a mechanistic model featuring free singlet aminophosphinidenes. The breadth of phosphinidene acceptors is expanded to unsaturated substrates beyond 1,3-dienes to include olefins and alkynes; this provides a new synthetic route to valuable amino-substituted phosphiranes and phosphirenes, respectively. Stereoselective phosphinidene transfer to olefins is consistent with singlet phosphinidene reactivity by analogy with the Skell hypothesis for singlet carbene addition to olefins.

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The transannular diphosphorus bisanthracene adduct P2A2 (A = anthracene or C14H10) was synthesized from the 7-phosphadibenzonorbornadiene Me2NPA through a synthetic sequence involving chlorophosphine ClPA (28-35%) and the tetracyclic salt [P2A2Cl][AlCl4] (65%) as isolated intermediates. P2A2 was found to transfer P2 efficiently to 1,3-cyclohexadiene (CHD), 1,3-butadiene (BD), and (C2H4)Pt(PPh3)2 to form P2(CHD)2 (>90%), P2(BD)2 (69%), and (P2)[Pt(PPh3)2]2 (47%), respectively, and was characterized by X-ray diffraction as the complex [CpMo(CO)3(P2A2)][BF4]. Experimental and computational thermodynamic activation parameters for the thermolysis of P2A2 in a solution containing different amounts of CHD (0, 4.75, and 182 equiv) have been obtained and suggest that P2A2 thermally transfers P2 to CHD through two competitive routes: (i) an associative pathway in which reactive intermediate [P2A] adds the first molecule of CHD before departure of the second anthracene, and (ii) a dissociative pathway in which [P2A] fragments to P2 and A prior to addition of CHD. Additionally, a molecular beam mass spectrometry study on the thermolysis of solid P2A2 reveals the direct detection of molecular fragments of only P2 and anthracene, thus establishing a link between solution-phase P2-transfer chemistry and production of gas-phase P2 by mild thermal activation of a molecular precursor.

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The enthalpies of combustion and sublimation of 2-and 3-thiophenecarboxylic acids were measured and the gas-phase enthalpies of formation at 298.15 K were determined. Standard ab initio molecular orbital calculations at the G2(MP2) and G2 levels were performed, and a theoretical study on molecular and electronic structures of the studied compounds has been carried out. Calculated enthalpies of formation using atomization and isodesmic bond separation reactions are compared with the experimental data. From experimental and theoretical results it seems that 3-thiophenecarboxylic acid is slightly more stable than the 2-isomer. A comparison of substituent effect of the carboxylic group in benzene and thiophene rings has been made.

This paper reports the value of the standard (p(o) = 0.1 MPa) molar enthalpy of formation in the gas phase at T = 298.15 K for barbituric acid. The enthalpies of combustion and sublimation were measured by static bomb combustion calorimetry and transference (transpiration) method in a saturated N2 stream and a gas-phase enthalpy of formation value of -(534.3 +/- 1.7) kJ x mol(-1) was determined at T = 298.15 K. G3-calculated enthalpies of formation are in very good agreement with the experimental value. The behavior of the sample as a function of the temperature was studied by differential scanning calorimetry, and a new polymorph of barbituric acid at high temperature was found. In the solid state, two anhydrous forms are known displaying two out of the six hydrogen-bonding patterns observed in the alkyl/alkenyl derivatives retrieved from the Cambridge Crystallographic Database. The stability of these motifs has been analyzed by theoretical calculations. X-ray powder diffraction technique was used to establish to which polymorphic form corresponds to the commercial sample used in this study and to characterize the new form at high temperature.