Differential national responses to the European Union's environmental policy have led to the idea that two worlds of environmentalism exist in Europe. In its harsh version, Europe is divided into North and South, with the South suffering from a Mediterranean syndrome. Southern European countries are viewed as environmental laggards, a perception attributed to, among other factors, a weak civil society intertwined with political systems characterized by patronage, clientelism, and lack of respect for public authority. This article provides new evidence documenting that civil society in Greece, Italy, and Spain appears to be much stronger on environmental matters than anticipated by the proponents of the above view. It also offers an alternative theorization of environmental politics, emphasizing aspects of organizational structures and political processes

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ResumenEste trabajo analiza el perfil sociodemográfico y las actitudes y los comportamientos polí-ticos de los participantes en la manifestación contra la guerra de Irak del 15 de febrero de 2003. El objetivo de este análisis es responder a tres preguntas: ¿quién se manifestó? ¿cuá-les fueron las motivaciones para hacerlo? y ¿cuáles fueron las implicaciones electorales de la cuestión de Irak desde la perspectiva de los manifestantes? La respuesta a estas preguntas se inserta en las explicaciones sobre la normalización de la actividad de protesta en las democracias representativas y sus implicaciones en términos electorales que señalan la existencia de un cambio hacia la individualización de la política, reflejado, entre otros síntomas, en el debilitamiento de los anclajes partidistas del voto y la importancia del llamado «voto temático». Palabras clave: participación no convencional, protesta social, guerra de Irak, voto temá-tico, elecciones generales de 2004. Abstract. When protest matters electorally. The sociodemographic and political profile of demonstrators against the Iraq warThis paper analyses the socio-demographic profile and the political attitudes and behaviours of participants in the 15 th of February of 2003 demonstration against the Iraq war. We aim to respond to three questions: who demonstrated? ¿which were the motivations for doing so? and ¿which were the electoral implications of the Iraq issue from the perspective of demonstrators? Our answers to these questions are framed within those explanations of the normalization of protest activity in representative democracies and its implications in electoral terms that point out to the existence of a shift towards an individualization of politics, reflected in, among other symptoms, the weakening of party anchored voting and increasing relevance of issue voting.

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