This report describes a novel missense mutation in the interferon regulation factor 6 (IRF6) gene associated to facial asymmetry. This new feature widens the phenotype spectrum of Van der Woude syndrome (VWS).
BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of level IIb metastasis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs).Material and MethodsA prospective analysis of 56 patients with OSCC who underwent surgical treatment of the primary lesion with simultaneous neck dissection was performed. During neck dissection, level IIb lymph nodes were separately removed and processed. Neck dissection was bilateral in 26 patients (46%) and unilateral in 30 patients (54%).ResultsThe mean number of nodes found in the level IIb specimens was 4.7 (range: 0-8 nodes). The prevalence of metastasis at level IIb was 0% in pN0 necks and 3.4% in pN+ necks, with an overall prevalence of 1.8%. A significant association between metastasis to level IIb and type of neck dissection was observed. There were no isolated metastases to level IIb without the involvement of other nodes in the remaining neck specimen. Four regional recurrences were observed during follow-up.ConclusionsBased on our findings, we suggest that dissection of the level IIb region in patients with OSCC may be required only in patients with multilevel neck metastasis or if level IIa metastasis is found intraoperatively.
Key words: Oral squamous cell carcinoma, neck dissection, level IIb, metastasis, spinal accessory nerve.
RESUMENEl desarrollo de los territorios y sujetos rurales necesita de nuevas formas de abordar la compresión de sus problemáticas. La universidad y la Unión de campesinos organizados de San Dionisio (UCOSD) llevan desde el 2013 un proceso de diálogo transdisciplinario para generar estrategias de desarrollo económico, humano y de adaptación al cambio climático desde las familias de trece comunidades rurales. A partir de la matriz de necesidades y satisfactores se lograron detectar las principales carencias y potencialidades desde cada comunidad para así identificar los satisfactores sinérgicos y las patologías principales. La destrucción del tejido comunitario, por la desconfianza y la falta de coherencia personal del liderazgo. Esta información se analizó a la luz del plan estratégico de la organización y se obtuvieron unos aprendizajes y líneas de acción: La necesidad de afrontar los conflictos que cada persona arrastra para poder fortalecer la organización, el papel que la asociatividad juega en esa sanación personal, la necesidad de diálogo entre la memoria organizativa con las expectativas del relevo generacional. Este diálogo continúa y aspira a clarificar el futuro de la ruralidad en el territorio de San Dionisio y Matagalpa. Palabras clave: Transdisciplinariedad, investigación acción participativa, necesidades, satisfactores.
ABSTRACTThe development of rural territories and subjects need for new approaches to understanding their problems. The university andthe Union of peasants organized in San Dionisio (UCOSD lead from the 2013 transdisciplinary dialogue process to generate strategies for economic, human development and adaptation to climate change from the families of thirteen rural communities. From the array of needs and satisfactions were able to identify major gaps and potentials from each community in order to identify the synergic satisfiers and major diseases.The destruction of the social relation, by mistrust and lack of personal integrity of leadership. This information is analyzed in light of the strategic plan of the organization and a learning and action lines were obtained: the need to heal the conflicts that each person drags to strengthen the organization, the role the association plays in the healing, the need for dialogue between organizational memory generational expectations. This dialogue continues and aims to clarify the future of rurality in the territory of San Dionisio and Matagalpa
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