In the work, the processes of phase reconstruction and properties of ceramics
obtained from high-siliceous clay-sand, clay-cullet, and clay-sand-cullet
mixtures are considered. It is possible to perform plastic molding of blanks
from the given mixtures due to the presence of montmorillonite in clay and
sand and sintering at 800 oC for 8 h under conditions of oxygen deficiency.
Depending on the composition of the initial mixtures, specimens ranging in
color from gray to black can be obtained. It has been established by the
XRD, IR spectroscopy, and electron microscopy methods that the synthesized
material is glass ceramics consisting of quartz, feldspars, and a glass
phase. Depending on the content of the initial components in the mixtures,
it is possible to obtain glass ceramics with high strength properties or
coarse-pored glass ceramics whose properties are similar to those of foamed
ceramics.
A simulation of the diffuse experimental X-ray halo obtained when waste-activated sludge (WAS) was used as the Fe2O3 reducing agent made it possible to explain the large width of the experimental halo and the change in its shape as a result of the change in the amorphous phase content. The halo consists of different sets of amorphous phase convolutions. The synthesized product was a composite consisting of amorphous iron with inclusions of amorphous oxides of aluminum and silicon, amorphous carbon, and amorphous Si, Al, and C alloys on the surface of the Fe particles. The shift in the halo makes it possible to qualitatively estimate the contributions of oxide and carbon components or alloys to the halo of amorphous iron.
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