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This project studied the genetic variation of the periclinal grape chimera Pinot Meunier, its natural occurring mutations (loss of trichomes on leaf surfaces) and the German Pinot noir clone Samtrot. Eleven Pinot Meunier clones of French, Italian and foremost German origin, Pinot Meunier mutations of diVering ages and with various dispersions of hairless sectors as bud-, shoot-and complete vine mutations and six Samtrot clones were investigated with ampliWed fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and microsatellites (SSRs). SSR-analysis proved chimerism of all Pinot Meunier clones tested and conWrmed identical genotype for all hairless mutations and Samtrot clones at the analyzed loci. Clonal variation was shown by AFLP-analysis yielding a total of 670 bands out of 18 primer combinations of which 161 were polymorphic. Pinot Meunier, Samtrot and the naturally occurring hairless Pinot Meunier mutations could be signiWcantly diVerentiated. Most of interclonal varying AFLP fragments (mean 1.5% per sample) originated within the groups of Samtrot or Pinot Meunier mutations, whereas intraclonal identity was highest within the Pinot Meunier clones. According to the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), variation among wild type and mutated Pinot Meunier leaf halves is signiWcantly smaller than between phenotypically identical Samtrot and Pinot Meunier mutants. Average gene diversity calculated on variability of loci reduced from Samtrot (0.040 § 0.023) towards Pinot Meunier (0.025 § 0.013) clones.

Ascorbigen (2-C-(3-indolyl)-methyl--L-xylo-hex-3-ulofuranosono-1,4-lactone, 1) is a breakdown product of glucobrassicins found in cruciferous vegetables, such as cabbage, cauliflower, Brussel sprouts, or broccoli, formed by direct C-alkylation of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) by (3-indolyl)-methyl intermediates under physiological conditions. It is a labile compound, and direct synthesis approaches are hampered by the oxidative instability of the indol moiety and ring transformations of the ascorbyl part. The latter have also impeded ascorbigen analytics for decades, and only recently different ascorbigens have been shown to represent mixtures of compounds rather than individual ascorbigen-type compounds. Following a review of pertinent literature, timely aspects of ascorbigen chemistry, including the most recent synthesis approaches and in-depth characterization of the compound, are presented.