Problem statement:To develop a sensitive method to determine simultaneously ceftizidime and sulbactam in spiked plasma and combined formulation. Approach: In this study an isocratic High performance liquid chromatographic method with UV detection at 230 nm was described for simultaneous determination of Ceftazidime and sulbactam sodium in plasma and combined dosage form. Chromatographic separation of two drugs was achieved on a Hypersil ODS C-18 column using a mobile phase consisting of a binary mixture of acetonitrile and tetrabutyl ammonium hydroxide adjusted to pH 5.0 with orthophosphoric acid in ratio 25:75. Results: The developed performance liquid chromatographic method offers symmetric peak shape, good resolution and reasonable retention time for both drugs. Linearity, accuracy and precision were found to be acceptable over the concentration range of 125-625 ppm for Ceftazidime and 62.5-312.5 ppm for sulbactam sodium. Conclusion: The results showed that this method could be well used for the simultaneous estimation of Ceftazidime and Sulbactam in plasma and combined formulation.
Bimetallic nanoparticles, a new class of materials for catalysis, were intensively investigated. Highly dispersed Ir-Ni bimetallic nanoparticles with varying mole fractions were synthesized by modified polyol reduction method from the solution of iridium trichloride and nickel chloride in ethylene glycol, which acts as both solvent and reducing agent. The particles were characterized for their size, morphology and composition using various techniques like UV-Vis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray photo electron spectroscopic (XPS) techniques. The synthesized nanoparticles were in pseudo-spherical morphology and utilized as catalyst for the degradation of dyes. The feasibility of degradation of an azo dye i.e., metanil yellow (MY) in aqueous alkaline medium by hexacynoferrate (III) ions using Ir-Ni bimetals as catalyst, prepared in different molar ratios, was investigated. Results show that Ir-Ni (2:1) bimetals have good catalytic activity and degradation as compared to Ir-Ni (1:2) due to their small size and high stability for the oxidation of MY.
In the present work, the degradation of metanil yellow, an azo dye, by hexacyanoferrate(III) ions (oxidant) in the aqueous alkaline medium has been investigated by kinetic-spectrophotometric method at λmax 435 nm of the reaction mixture. The effect of various parameters such as the concentration of dye, oxidant, and solution pH on the reaction rate has been determined. The results show that the rate of degradation increases linearly with the increase in concentrations of oxidant and dye at optimum pH of 9.0 and constant temperature of 40 ± 0.1°C. Thermodynamic parameters such as energy of activation, enthalpy of activation, entropy of activation, and energy of formation have been calculated by studying the reaction rate at four different temperatures, that is, 40-55°C. Based on the experimental results, a plausible reaction mechanism involving complex formation has been proposed and a rate law has been derived. UV-Vis and LC-MS methods of analysis of degradation products show the formation of simpler and less hazardous degradation products.
• Practitioner points• It is also observed that the time required for azo dye degradation by the present method is about ten times less than the reported methods. • Thus degradation of azo linkage and formation of simple and less hazardous products (efficient degradation of dye) makes it a novel method.
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