In this study, the effect of sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations of the zinc oxide nanoparticle on the expression of the α-haemolysin gene as a significant virulence factor of Staphylococcus aureus is assessed. The effect of sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (312.5 μg/ml) of the zinc oxide nanoparticle on the haemolysis phenomenon was studied phenotypically on blood agar media with and without zinc oxide nanoparticles and genetically by real time polymerase chain reaction method in media containing and without zinc oxide. The haemolysis phenomena of all S. aureus isolates in a blood agar with a sub-minimum inhibitory concentration and 1/2, 1/4 and 1/8 minimum inhibitory concentration of zinc oxide nanoparticles was completely restrained. After performing real time polymerase chain reaction, the amount of hla gene expression in 12 h culture in media with 1/2 and 1/4 minimum inhibitory concentration of zinc oxide nanoparticles was reduced, but gene expression in the 1/8 minimum inhibitory concentration was did not decrease. Haemolysis by S. aureus was decreased in the presence of sub-minimum inhibitory concentration of zinc oxide nanoparticles. The use of zinc oxide nanoparticle in sub-minimum inhibitory concentration as cover of artificial instruments such as catheter, intravascular catheters or shunts to control bacterial infection is suggested for further study.
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