The “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)” is the third member of human coronavirus (CoV) that is held accountable for the current “coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)” pandemic. In the past two decades, the world has witnessed the emergence of two other similar CoVs, namely SARS-CoV in 2002 and MERS-CoV in 2013. The extent of spread of these earlier versions was relatively low in comparison to SARS-CoV-2. Despite having numerous reports inclined towards the zoonotic origin of the virus, one cannot simply sideline the fact that no animal originated CoV is thus far identified that is considered similar to the initial edition of SARS-CoV-2; however, under-sampling of the diverse variety of coronaviruses remains a concern. Vaccines are proved to be an effective tool for bringing the end to such a devastating pandemic. Many vaccine platforms are explored for the same but in this review paper, we will discuss the potential of replicating viral vectors as vaccine carriers for SARS-CoV-2.

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Therapeutic cargos which are impermeable to the cell can be delivered by cell penetrating peptides (CPPs). CPP-cargo complexes accumulate by endocytosis inside the cells but they fail to reach the cytosolic space properly as they are often trapped in the endocytic organelles. Here the CPP mediated endosomal escape and some strategies used to increase endosomal escape of CPP-cargo conjugates are discussed with evidence. Potential benefits can be obtained by peptides such as reduction in side effects, biocompatibility, easier synthesis and can be obtained at lower administered doses. The particular peptide known as cell penetrating peptides are able to translocate themselves across membrane with the carrier drugs with different mechanisms. This is of prime importance in drug delivery systems as they have capability to cross physiological membranes. This review describes various mechanisms for effective drug delivery and associated challenges

The present work describes a simple, accurate and validated UV spectrophotometric method for determination of trans-resveratrol loaded in ethosomal formulation. The method was validated for different parameters like linearity, precision, specificity, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ) and robustness as per ICH guidelines. The wavelength maximum of resveratrol in phosphate buffer pH 7.4 was found to be at 307 nm. The method was found to be linear in the range of 8 to 38 µg mL-1 with a correlation coefficient (r2 ) of 0.9957. The accuracy of the method was studied by recovery study and % recovery was found to be in the range of 99.24 to 100.14 %. The method is simple, accurate and requires relatively inexpensive instruments. The proposed method can be successfully used for determination of trans-resveratrol loaded into ethosomes.