Background: The Study was planned to evaluate and compare the expulsion and continuation rates of post placental insertion of Cu 375 and CuT380A in Indian women at Safdarjung Hospital New Delhi, after approval was obtained from Institutional Ethical committee.Methods: Study group consisted of 300 women, divided into two groups: Group A and Group B. The data was analysed by using ‘student “t” test/ non-parametric ‘Wilcoxon Mann Whitney’ for quantitative variables to evaluate the safety, efficacy and acceptability.Results: Mean age was 24.99 years (range: 19-35years), All women were married (off which 64% literate) and Mean parity in group A was 1.97 and 2.06 in group B. Mean pain score during intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) insertion on visual analogue scale was 2.93 in group A and 3 in group B and was not statistically different. 84% women completed 12 months follow up in group A and 83.33% women in group B. Strings were visible in 74% women in group A and in 34% women in group B at 1 month of IUCD insertion. Visibility of strings increased in successive follow up visits and was visible in >80% of women at the end of one year in the both groups. String visibility after intra-Caesarean insertion was delayed. Fifty one percent (n=77) subjects in group A and 54% (n=81) in group B experienced amenorrhea up to six months. Menorrhagia was reported in 7.33% in group A and women 8.66% in group B at the end of 1 year of follow up. Pain was complained by 26 out of 150 (17.3%) women in group A as compared to 36 out of 150 (24%) women in group B after 1 month of insertion. There was no case of PID in group A whereas there were 3 cases of PID in group B. There was no perforation/trauma and pregnancy in either group.Conclusions: Overall expulsion rate was 13% and removal rate was 5% in our study. Continuation rate was 83.3% in Cu 375 and 80.6% in CuT380A at 12 months. There was no significant difference between the IUCDs regarding the safety, efficacy and complications such as expulsion, bleeding etc.

Background: Child abuse is one of the problems in our society which still needs to be highlighted for general public in our country. It is a pressing human right issue and public health concern and the efforts to assess the awareness and mass education is very limited. Current study aimed to access knowledge and attitude for child abuse among parents attending a tertiary care hospital.Methods: The study was conducted amongst parents visiting pediatric OPD at Kempegowda institute of medical sciences, Bengaluru. Total 200 Parents were required to answer a series of questionnaire and then was statically analyzed.Results: It was seen that majority of parents lack knowledge regarding child abuse, 25% of parents believe that child abuse is just sexual violence, 23% parents thought that stubborn children can only be handled by physical punishment, 46% parents believed that only a girl child can be a victim of sexual abuse and only 19% had firm belief that boys can also be victim, 45% of parents believed that it is necessary to discuss with the child before making important decision concerning them, 35% parents were against the corporal punishment.Conclusions: There is a need to evolve strategies to protect the children from abuse and the measures should address both boys and girls and minimize impact.

Background: Dengue fever is the most common arboviral disease and fifty percent of world population is at risk. Frequent outbreaks are reported from all states of our country and incidence increases every year. This case study is of 305 patients from Academy of Medical Sciences, which is a tertiary care centre and research Institute in North Kerala. The objective of this study was to study the clinical profile of dengue fever.Methods: Study was prospective observational study conducted during the epidemic for a period of one year. All the cases which fulfilled WHO criteria for diagnosis of dengue fever and those who are positive for IGM antibody detected by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (IgM ELISA) were only included in this study.Results: There is male preponderance, and those above the age of 30 years affected more. All patients had fever. Gastrointestinal manifestation like nausea and vomiting were commonly observed symptoms. Hepatomegaly, rash and conjuctival suffusion were important physical findings, whereas splenomegaly noted only in 8.2% cases. Thrombocytopenia is noticed in 73.96%.Conclusions: The mortality is 2.6%. Hypotension and thrombocytopenia are the two important determinants of mortality. Dengue Shock syndrome and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever were relatively less when compared to other epidemics from different regions.

Background: Birth defects are a group of structural or functional disorders which are present at birth and are of prenatal origin can be caused by genetic defects, environmental teratogens or multifactorial inheritance. A total of 290 newborns were diagnosed with birth defects in an observational cross-sectional study conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in collaboration with the Department of Pediatrics, at VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi. Before starting the study, permission was taken from the ethical committee of the institution. All women who delivered a live birth were tracked to study the spectrum of birth defect and its association with maternal risk factors. A total of 290 newborns were diagnosed with birth defects. Male female ratio was 1.30:1. Out of a total of 25,565 deliveries, 24,905 were live births and 660 were stillbirths. Prevalence of birth defects among stillbirths was higher, as compared to live births i.e. 4.54% and 1.04% respectively; the difference was statistically significant, p=<0.0001.The prevalence of birth defects among live births is 1.04% and among still births is 4.54%. Birth defects involving the central nervous system are the commonest i.e. 36.2%, followed by Oro-facial defects (cleftpalate and cleft-lip) i.e. 18.6% and GIT i.e. 14.13%.

Background: Atypical organisms are a common causative agent of pneumonia in children more than 3 years of age, causing around 10-30% of the cases. Though atypical pathogens are said to cause relatively milder form of pneumonia as compared to other bacterial and viral pathogens, severe manifestations can also occur. Early identification of these pathogens can help in starting treatment with macrolides, which can reduce the length of hospital stay and mortality. Hence in this study the prevalence of atypical organisms was identified by using serum Polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted in children between 3 years to 18 years of age with clinical diagnosis of pneumonia admitted in wards and PICU in KIMS hospital. Authors excluded Immunocompromised children. Detailed history and clinical examination was done. Investigations - complete hemogram, Chest Xray, blood Culture and sensitivity and serum PCR was done for a sample size of 100 children.Results: In this study among the three atypical organisms, Legionella pneumoniae was identified in 2% of the cases by serum PCR.Conclusions: In this study among the three atypical pathogens authors could only identify Legionella pneumoniae. Prevalence of Legionella pneumoniae was 2%. While treating children aged 3 years to 18 years with pneumonia, a high degree of suspicion of atypical pathogens is required, especially in Legionella because of its high mortality rate. In such circumstances adding macrolides along with other antibiotics will be beneficial to the patients outcome and duration of hospital stay.