While many GPs are currently involved in some aspects of cancer management, with training, good communication and support from specialists this role may be successfully expanded.
While many GPs are currently involved in some aspects of cancer management, detailed and timely communication between specialists and GPs is imperative to support shared care and ensure optimal patient outcomes. This research highlights the need for established channels of communication between specialist and primary care medicine to support greater involvement by GPs in cancer care.
To examine risk assessment tools to predict patient violence in acute care settings. An integrative review of the literature. Five electronic databases – CINAHL Plus, MEDLINE, OVID, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were searched between 2000 and 2018. The reference list of articles was also inspected manually. The PICOS framework was used to refine the inclusion and exclusion of the literature, and the PRISMA statement guided the search strategy to systematically present findings. Forty‐one studies were retained for review. Three studies developed or tested tools to measure patient violence in general acute care settings, and two described the primary and secondary development of tools in emergency departments. The remaining studies reported on risk assessment tools that were developed or tested in psychiatric inpatient settings. In total, 16 violence risk assessment tools were identified. Thirteen of them were developed to assess the risk of violence in psychiatric patients. Two of them were found to be accurate and reliable to predict violence in acute psychiatric facilities and have practical utility for general acute care settings. Two assessment tools were developed and administered in general acute care, and one was developed to predict patient violence in emergency departments. There is no single, user‐friendly, standardized evidence‐based tool available for predicting violence in general acute care hospitals. Some were found to be accurate in assessing violence in psychiatric inpatients and have potential for use in general acute care, require further testing to assess their validity and reliability.
Objective: To explore parental country of birth differences in the use of stimulants for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Western Australian (WA) children and adolescents.
Methods: Statutory WA stimulant notification and dispensing records from 2003 to 2007 were linked to whole‐population state data from 1980 to 2007. Parental attributes were obtained through the WA Family Connections genealogical linkage system. Using multivariate logistic and linear regression, the differences in WA stimulant use for ADHD by parental country of birth, socioeconomic status and geographical remoteness were examined.
Results: Of 671,231 people born in WA between 1980 and 2007, 13,555 (2%) used stimulants for ADHD. Of these, 734 (5%) had parents born in Africa, Asia, the Middle East or South America, and 12,006 (87%) had parents born in Australia, North America and Europe. Children and adolescents with parents born in traditionally non‐Anglophonic countries were less likely to be treated with stimulants (OR=0.17, 95%CI 0.14–0.21) than those with parents born in Anglophonic countries. Socioeconomic advantage and residential remoteness were also significant independent predictors of a decreased likelihood of stimulant use.
Conclusions: The results highlight the importance of improving knowledge about cultural differences in access to and attitudes towards the diagnosis of ADHD and different approaches to its treatment.
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