Microbial burden associated with medical devices poses serious health challenges and is accountable for an increased number of deaths leading to enormous medical costs. Catheter‐associated urinary tract infections are the most common hospital‐acquired infections with enhanced patient morbidity. Quite often, catheter‐associated bacteriuria produces apparent adverse outcomes such as urosepsis and even death. Taking this into account, the methods to modify urinary catheters to control microbial infections with relevance to clinical drug resistance are systematically evaluated in this review. Technologies to restrict biofilm formation at initial stages by using functional nanomaterials are elucidated. The conventional methodology of using single therapeutic intervention for developing an antimicrobial catheter lacks clinically meaningful benefit. Therefore, catheter modification using naturally derived antimicrobials such as essential oils, curcumin, enzymes, and antimicrobial peptides in combination with synthetic antibiotics/nanoantibiotics is likely to exert sufficient inhibitory effect on uropathogens and is extensively discussed. Futuristic efforts in this area are projected here that demand clinical studies to address areas of uncertainty to avoid development of bacterial resistance to the new generation therapy with minimum discomfort to the patients.

This study was carried out on 88 railway related deaths in order to determine the specific pattern and distribution of wounds. Of the 88 victims, 79.5% were males and 20.5% were females. The majority were in the age group of 21-40 years. Most of the victims died as the result of an accident (80.7%). Of the 17 suicide cases, ten deaths occurred during the night. In 71 railway accident deaths, 64.8% of victims were pedestrians; thirty-five victims were illiterate and two had consumed alcohol. Decapitation wounds were more common in suicidal deaths and the head was the body region most commonly involved in railway accidents. Our results indicate that railway related deaths could be prevented by surveillance, education and public awareness.

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Uropathogens in many Asian countries had high resistance to broad-spectrum antibiotics. Knowledge of regional and local resistance data and prudent use of antibiotics are important for proper management of UTI in Asian countries.