Lipid-based innovations have achieved new heights during the last few years as an essential component of drug development. The current challenge of drug delivery is liberation of drug agents at the right time in a safe and reproducible manner to a specific target site. A number of novel drug delivery systems has emerged encompassing various routes of administration, to achieve controlled and targeted drug delivery. Microparticulate lipoidal vesicular system represents a unique technology platform suitable for the oral and systemic administration of a wide variety of molecules with important therapeutic biological activities, including drugs, genes, and vaccine antigens. The success of liposomes as drug carriers has been reflected in a number of liposome-based formulations, which are commercially available or are currently undergoing clinical trials. Also, novel lipid carrier-mediated vesicular systems are originated. This paper has focused on the lipid-based supramolecular vesicular carriers that are used in various drug delivery and drug targeting systems.

A vast array of fluoroquinolones having excellent broad-spectrum activity form an invaluable part of the present anti-infective armory of the clinicians. A number of these compounds are today's blockbusters of the antibacterial market due to their therapeutic efficacy having tolerable side effects and thus challenging the predominance of well established beta-lactam antibiotics which are becoming more prone to the resistant pathogenic bacteria. Since the discovery of nalidixic acid the development of fluoroquinolones has experienced an exponential growth and is being continued with more vigor to obtain better drugs having multifunctional action. This article attempts to review the current developments of the chemical and biological aspects of fluoroquinolones in a chronological manner touching upon their antibacterial properties based on the structure activity relationship while pointing out to their mode of action. It also provides an insight into a variety of approaches resulting in elegant manipulations of their basic skeleton and some breakthroughs in their synthetic strategies of a few widely used drugs, which had helped in accelerating their market growth as well as continuing research for newer fluoroquinolones. Since the mode of action of fluoroquinolones being different from beta-lactams and their transportation to the target site is slow several dual action quinolonyl-beta-lactams (Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Penems, Cephems, Carbapenams etc.) have come as a major breakthrough among the hybrid antibiotics. While focusing on the multifunctional activities of such compounds, this review briefly points out to the current trends in various techniques for de novo drug design and development of newer therapeutic molecules, which hold future promises in combating the fight against drug resistant bacteria as it still remains to be won.

Typhonium flagelliforme is a prominent plant candidate from aroid family, endowing various curative properties against a variety of illness and infections. This tropical plant found in damp, shady habitats and population of south east asian countries used it as alternative curative health supplement. Traditionally, this plant is used as a alternative remedy for cancer. Also, antibacterial and antioxidant activities are well established. This plant has shown promising results as a cough suppressant, which can be helpful in various respiratory tract problems. This review focuses on various biological activities of Typhonium flagelliforme

No abstract

Various minerals have been reported which are directly linked to our health and cancer development in body. The immune system (immunoglobulin's, cell mediated immunity, phagocytosis complement, lysosomes, interferon, metabolic function, hormones, metabolic and respiratory alkalosis) is the natural mechanism which defends against cancer. Minerals like zinc, selenium, magnesium, vanadium, and germanium augment this natural mechanism. In this review various aspects of these mineral are discussed and their relation with cancer.

The objective of the present study was to prepare the fast disintegrating tablet of Salbutamol Sulphate, Cetirizine Hydrochloride in combined tablet dosage form for respiratory disorders such as bronchitis, asthma, and coughing for pediatrics and geriatrics. The tablets were prepared by direct compression technique. Superdisintegrant such as Sodium Starch Glycolate was optimized as 4% on the basis of least disintegration time. Different binders such as MCC and PVP K-30 were optimized along with optimized superdisintegrant concentration. 1% MCC was selected as optimum binder concentration on the basis of least disintegration time. The tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, weight variation, wetting time, disintegration time, and drug content uniformity. Optimized formulation was further evaluated by in vitro dissolution test, drug-excipient compatibility, and accelerated stability study. Percent weight variation and content uniformity were within the acceptable limit. The friability was less than 1%. The wetting time and disintegration time were practically good for all formulations. FTIR studies and accelerated stability study showed that there was no interaction between the drug and excipients. It was concluded that, by employing commonly available pharmaceutical excipients such as superdisintegrants, hydrophilic and swellable excipients and proper filler, a fast disintegrating tablet of Salbutamol Sulphate, Cetirizine Hydrochloride in combined tablet dosage form, were formulated successfully with desired characteristics.

Recent developments in fast disintegrating tablets have brought convenience in dosing to pediatric and elderly patients who have trouble in swallowing tablets. The objective of the present study was to prepare the fast disintegrating tablet of Cetirizine Hydrochloride for allergic and respiratory disorders. As precision of dosing and patient's compliance become important prerequisite for a long-term treatment, there is a need to develop a formulation for this drug which overcomes problems such as difficulty in swallowing, inconvenience in administration while travelling, and patient's acceptability. Hence, the present investigation was undertaken with a view to develop a fast disintegrating tablet of Cetirizine Hydrochloride which offers a new range of products having desired characteristics and intended benefits. Superdisintegrants such as Sodium Starch Glycolate were optimized. Different binders were optimized along with optimized superdisintegrant concentration. The tablets were prepared by direct compression technique. The tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, weight variation, wetting time, disintegration time and uniformity of content. Optimized formulation was evaluated by in vitro dissolution test, drug excipient compatibility and accelerated stability study. It was concluded that fast disintegrating tablets of Cetirizine Hydrochloride were formulated successfully with desired characteristics which disintegrated rapidly, provide rapid onset of action, and enhance the patient convenience and compliance.

Background: Dental caries originates due to the localized dissolution of the hard tissues of teeth mainly caused by acids, developed by the presence of micro-organisms in the biofilm (dental plaque) on the surface of teeth causing “cavities”. Commercially available liquid mouthwashes containing synthetic active ingredients possess limitations like teeth staining, higher alcoholic content, taste disturbances, xerostomia, and stability issues. Objective: To prepare the solid preparation for oral hygiene (US6428770B1) in the form of herbal effervescent mouthwash tablet (CN106619318A, US8728446B2) using Azadirachta Indica and Curcumin having antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiplaque and anti-inflammatory activity. Methods: The optimization study of effervescent granules was performed by 33 factorial design. A total of 27 preliminary experimental batches were prepared by the fusion method varying the amount of citric acid, tartaric acid, and sodium bicarbonate. A complex of Curcumin was prepared with hydroxyl propyl β-cyclodextrin and further examined by scanning electron microscopy. The prepared tablets were evaluated for pre and post-compression parameters. The in vitro antimicrobial study was performed by Agar well diffusion method against S. mutans. Results: All the experimental batches of effervescent granules were evaluated for pH, effervescent time, and CO2 content. Six batches were further selected for final tablet preparation. The results of the pre-compression parameters revealed excellent flow properties and post-compression parameters; the results were also significant. The antimicrobial study revealed the F3 as a final best formulation. Conclusion: The developed herbal formulation (F3) has a good potential to maintain oral hygiene as compared to alcoholic mouthwash and further studies may be necessary to confirm the efficacy of the formulation since a single bacterial strain was assayed.