The objectives of this study are (1) to evaluate prevalence of traumatic diaphragmatic injury (TDI), (2) identify the predictors of mortality, and (3) study the accuracy of investigations in survivors of TDI. Retrospective analysis of prospectively maintained database of TDI from January 2007 to December 2011. Emergency department (ED) records, operative details, and autopsy reports were reviewed to determine injury characteristics, treatment provided, and outcome. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS ver.15 software. TDI was identified in 75 individuals. Thirty-two of 75 (42.6 %) cases were brought dead to the hospital, and 43/75 (57.3 %) were survivors presented to emergency department, diagnosed to have TDI intraoperatively. Seven of 43 (16.3 %) died postoperatively. Mortality in TDI was significantly related to age (p =0.001), injury severity (p <0.001), site of TDI (p =0.002), and associated injuries (p =0.021, odds ratio of 9). Death increased with increase in the number of organ injured (p <0.001, odds ratio of 12). Multi-detector computer tomography (MDCT) detected TDI in 23/26 (88.5 %) cases preoperatively. Laparotomy (p <0.001, odds ratio of 22) and thoracotomy (p =0.021, with odds ratio of 9) were associated with survival benefit when compared to minimal invasive surgery in injured cases. The prevalence of TDI was 2.67 %, TDI's mark severity of injury. Mortality increases with increasing number of organ injured. Right-sided or bilateral injury of diaphragm is associated with increased mortality.
Inguinal hernia is a common surgical disease. Ovary and fallopian tube are not frequently found as content of the hernia. A 18 year old female, diagnosed case of Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser (MRKH) syndrome, presented with left sided reducible inguinal hernia for six months. Ultrasonography revealed absence of intra-abdominal left ovary and presence of ovary in the sac. She was planned for laparoscopic repair and total extra-peritoneal repair (TEP) was done. Ovary and adnexa may be content in groin hernia in females. Association of syndromes especially MRKH syndrome should be kept in mind in this group of patients. Laparoscopic total extra-peritoneal repair may be successfully attempted in this group of patients.
A 70-year-old woman was referred to our hospital from primary health centre with complaints of pain in the abdomen, swelling and discharging sinus in the right hypochondrium since 2 years. She had received anti-tubercular treatment for 18 months as the wedge biopsy of the sinus tract suggested granulomatous lesion. As the symptoms did not subside she was referred to our hospital. Her blood investigation reports at our hospital were normal. Ultrasound of the abdomen suggested cholelithiasis with normal common bile duct. CT fistulogram findings were diagnostic of cholecystocutaneous fistula (CCCF). She underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy and excision of the sinus tract. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. Indiscriminate usage of anti-tubercular drugs should be discouraged and possibility of CCCF should be considered in patients presenting with discharging sinus in the anterior abdominal wall. CT fistulogram is helpful in making diagnosis of CCCF. Cholecystectomy with excision of the sinus tract is the treatment of choice.
24-year-old woman at 28 weeks gestation was referred from peripheral hospital with diagnosis of pregnancy with portal hypertension. She had received multiple transfusion for pancytopaenia in the past and had undergone endoscopic sclerotherapy for oesophageal varices. Initially, she was admitted in our hospital at 28 weeks gestation for blood transfusion and was evaluated by multispecialty team of doctors. She was advised splenectomy for transfusion-dependent pancytopaenia secondary to hypersplenism in non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. She was readmitted at 36 weeks gestation. A decision for caesarean was taken owing to failed induction of labour at 38 weeks gestation. She underwent combined caesarean with splenectomy. Mother and child had an uneventful postoperative recovery and were discharged on ninth postoperative day. Preconceptional counselling, treatment of oesophageal varices and multispecialty approach was paramount in the management. Combined caesarean with splenectomy is feasible and cost-effective treatment associated with improved quality of life. Prospective clinical trials are essential to prove safety and efficacy of treatment.
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